{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:48:04Z","timestamp":1791910084935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease affecting 1\u20135% of the global population. Smoking has long been implicated as a potential environmental risk factor; however, previous studies and meta-analyses have reported heterogeneous and sometimes inconsistent findings. Since the publication of earlier reviews, several large population-based studies have become available, warranting an updated and more comprehensive synthesis of the evidence. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from database inception to August 8, 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case\u2013control, and cross-sectional studies evaluating the association between smoking status (current or former) and psoriasis risk were included. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models according to heterogeneity. Subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the analysis. Both current and former smoking were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis. The pooled OR was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.50\u20132.39) for current smokers and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.25\u20131.68) for former smokers, with significant heterogeneity observed across studies. Regional differences were noted: in Asia, the risk for current smokers was notably higher (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 0.96\u20134.99), while in Europe and America, the risk for former smokers was higher (Europe: OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.46\u20131.79; America: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.28\u20131.52). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings, and regional variability in the relationship between smoking and psoriasis risk was observed. Conclusion: This updated meta-analysis provides consolidated evidence that smoking is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, particularly among current smokers. The findings reinforce smoking as a relevant, modifiable risk factor and support its consideration in psoriasis prevention and public health strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/drm\/ackag022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:46:33Z","timestamp":1790855193000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smoking Status and Psoriasis Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Yixin","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Jie","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongxun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1337-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fook Tim","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"container-title":["Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/drm\/ackag022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:01:44Z","timestamp":1791907304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/drm\/ackag022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/drm\/ackag022","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.34155159","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1018-8665","1421-9832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8665","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}}}