{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:42:32Z","timestamp":1792514552883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vasc Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) site and frequency on lower limb hemodynamics remains unclear. This study was to examine the acute hemodynamic effects of high-frequency (80 Hz) and low-frequency (4 Hz) TENS applied to the sympathetic ganglion or gastrocnemius muscle in healthy adults. Methods: Forty-three healthy adults underwent four TENS protocols combining sympathetic ganglion or gastrocnemius stimulation with high or low frequency. Doppler ultrasonography measured popliteal artery and vein hemodynamics at baseline, during stimulation, immediately after, and 15 min post-stimulation, including vessel diameter (D), flow volume (FV), peak velocity (PV), and TAmax. Results: All four protocols significantly enhanced popliteal arterial and venous hemodynamics during stimulation (p &lt; 0.001). Most parameters returned to baseline after stimulation. However, low-frequency TENS applied to the sympathetic ganglion produced sustained increases in arterial PV (p = 0.031) and a borderline increase in arterial FV (p = 0.050) compared with high-frequency stimulation, with no between-frequency differences in venous parameters (p &gt; 0.05). With gastrocnemius stimulation, popliteal arterial and venous responses were frequency-independent for most parameters (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Both high- and low-frequency TENS applied to the sympathetic ganglion and gastrocnemius muscles acutely enhanced lower limb hemodynamics. Low-frequency sympathetic ganglion stimulation may induce sustained arterial effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/jvr\/adiag005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:53:17Z","timestamp":1789127597000},"page":"1-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Immediate Effect of Applying Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Sympathetic Ganglion and Gastrocnemius for Popliteal Blood Flow in Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Meng-Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ling","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Ju","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao-Ju","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmv.2023.10.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2023.0231"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000623"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3141-z"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012901816356036"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2015.10.009"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2017.01.003"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030121"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2084-z"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2024-0064"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1652"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20143767"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2003.434"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.6.b257"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000488721.83423.f3"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.944560"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2000.00240.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01152-5"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.031476"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.11.027"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.4.361"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/036012915x14381285982840"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00731.x"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12111584"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00421.2004"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2010.03.004"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9993(03)00037-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/jvr\/adiag005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:01:40Z","timestamp":1792512100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/jvr\/adiag005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/jvr\/adiag005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-1172","1423-0135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-1172","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}}}