{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:57:34Z","timestamp":1791190654825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroepidemiology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The relationship between hunger and brain health remains understudied in adolescence. This study examines the relationship between experienced hunger attributable to inadequate food at home and health and behavioral factors relevant to brain health in a nationally representative US high school student sample. Methods: We pooled 2017\u20132019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data across 16 states (N = 74,152 high school students). Hunger resulting from inadequate food at home \u2013 hereafter termed hunger \u2013 was assessed by asking students how often they went hungry in the past month due to inadequate food at home, with response options: \u201calways,\u201d \u201cmost of the time,\u201d \u201csometimes,\u201d \u201crarely,\u201d or \u201cnever.\u201d Outcomes were seven health and behavioral factors relevant to brain health \u2013 concussion, depression, inadequate sleep, low physical activity, low fruit intake, low vegetable intake, and sugary drink consumption. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and predicted probabilities for each outcome associated with hunger. Models adjusted for age-group, sex, race\/ethnicity, and survey year. Results: Overall, 13% of students experienced hunger \u201csometimes,\u201d \u201cmost of the time,\u201d or \u201calways.\u201d The majority of students were aged 15 years or older (62%), male (51%), and identified as non-Hispanic White (48%). In adjusted models, compared to students who \u201cnever\u201d experienced hunger, those experiencing it \u201calways\u201d had higher odds of concussion (OR = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.52\u20134.68), depression (OR = 3.66, 95% CI: 2.74\u20134.88), and sugary drink consumption (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 2.10\u20133.96), and lower odds of low vegetable intake (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.33\u20130.68). Trend tests revealed significant associations between hunger and concussion, depression, inadequate sleep, low fruit intake, and sugary drink consumption, with higher predicted probabilities for most outcomes with greater experience of hunger. Conclusions: Adolescent hunger is linked to multiple health and behavioral factors relevant to brain health, highlighting the need for early interventions. Addressing adolescent food insecurity may help them achieve and maintain optimal brain health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/ned\/adwag004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:05:25Z","timestamp":1786021525000},"page":"1-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hunger and Brain Health Risk Factors among US High School Students"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Nour M.","family":"Hammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshitha G.","family":"Valluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altaf","family":"Saadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.117"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.033323"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzac024"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0425"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1023907"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12708"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000207739"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.12.035"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-7568(23)00051-x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-334925"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105365"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000001143"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738241304867"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.693544"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.198184"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.02.023"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126647"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02886-z"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121960"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162637"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58464\/2155-5834.1264"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2016.10.012"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.030270"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980021002536"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-336"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.07.006"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joca.12163"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2023.106954"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2022.12.012"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000201649"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.20506"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2014.12.003"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40810"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.03.008"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.09.014"}],"container-title":["Neuroepidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/ned\/adwag004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:47:48Z","timestamp":1791190068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/ned\/adwag004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/ned\/adwag004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.33129596","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0251-5350","1423-0208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0251-5350","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}}}