{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T16:41:21Z","timestamp":1792341681992,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Bronchoscopy is physically demanding, and studies of ergonomics and objective skill assessment require accurate, segment-resolved capture of the bronchoscopist\u2019s hand and head movements. However, existing motion capture approaches typically rely on specialized laboratory infrastructure or wearable sensor arrays, limiting their routine use. Methods: A board-certified pulmonologist performed 10 systematic bronchoscopies across the 18 named segments using an airway simulator and a single-use bronchoscope. Procedures alternated between conditions without and with engagement of the bronchoscope\u2019s insertion-tube rotation mechanism. A custom visionOS application running on Apple Vision Pro captured bilateral hand and head poses at 30 Hz, with synchronized voice-cue annotations for each segment. Results: All 180 expected segment insertions were recorded (94.4% via voice cues; 5.6% recovered through tracking-derived hold detection and excluded from per-insertion analyses). Intermittent tracking-freezing artifacts, in which a static pose was retained under a valid tracking flag, were detected by frame-to-frame immobility and excluded from the affected analyses. The mean per-insertion peak left-wrist rotation across all segments was 107.9\u00b0 without and 72.6\u00b0 with the rotation mechanism. The mean left-thumb path length within the wrist\u2019s local reference frame was 3.82 \u00b1 0.48 m per bronchoscopy, and the estimated number of bronchoscope lever operation cycles was 64.8 \u00b1 7.9 per procedure. Conclusion: In this proof-of-concept study, a single off-the-shelf head-mounted device enabled multichannel capture of bronchoscopist kinematics during simulated bronchoscopy. This approach provides a practical methodological foundation for future studies on bronchoscopy ergonomics, skill assessment, and AI-driven training data generation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/res\/aepag014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:23:08Z","timestamp":1789755788000},"page":"1-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Motion Capture of Bronchoscopist Kinematics Using a Spatial Computing Device: A Methodological Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shotaro","family":"Okachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Horiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michitaka","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naozumi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0139-2023"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34197\/ats-scholar.2023-0098BR"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000001005"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000513433"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000615"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000551021"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202407-729CC"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506261441953"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.54205"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25164943"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.08.015"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12355"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2568-9610"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00970-2025"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/res\/aepag014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T16:01:14Z","timestamp":1792339274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/res\/aepag014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/res\/aepag014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.33925600","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]}}}