{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:23:10Z","timestamp":1761862990344,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt; A functional vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) autocrine loop is crucial for bladder cancer cell survival. We reasoned that treatment with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab may result either in cell growth prevention or in the cell adaptation to compensate VEGF deprivation. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; The cytotoxicity of different levels of bevacizumab and its effect on the gene expression was analyzed in human bladder cancer cell lines. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; Inhibition of bladder cancer cell proliferation was observed at &gt;2.5 mg\/ml of bevacizumab. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells expressed high concentrations of VEGF-A, and were less susceptible to bevacizumab inhibition. At 0.5 mg\/ml (FDA approved concentration) of bevacizumab, cells increase their expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-A receptors and related growth factors. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt; Bevacizumab cytotoxicity is only observed at high concentration, and it is inversely correlated with the basal VEGF-A expression of the bladder cancer cells. This is the first report showing that, at clinical bevacizumab concentrations, cancer cells compensate the VEGF-A blockade, by improving the expression of VEGF-A and related genes, highlighting the need to follow the patient\u2019s adaptation response to bevacizumab treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000321905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T08:44:06Z","timestamp":1297241046000},"page":"95-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of Bevacizumab on Autocrine VEGF Stimulation in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Paula A.","family":"Videira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. Rita","family":"Piteira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. 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