{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:07:04Z","timestamp":1772755624457,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt; To explore associations between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young European adults. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt; This was a cross-sectional analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in 195 healthy 20- to 40-year-olds (109 women) with a BMI between 27.5 and 32.5 from Iceland (64\u00b0N; n = 82), Ireland (51\u00b0N; n = 37) and Spain (42\u00b0N; n = 76) during mid-late winter. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt; The median s25(OH)D was 52.8 nmol\/l (IQR 38.1\u201369.9) or 21.1 ng\/ml (IQR 15.2\u201328.0) with a latitude-dependent gradient (p \u2264 0.0001): Iceland, 41.7 nmol\/l (IQR 32.7\u201354.2) or 16.7 ng\/ml (IQR 13.1\u201321.7); Ireland, 52.9 nmol\/l (IQR 35.3\u201368.6) or 21.2 ng\/ml (IQR 14.1\u201327.4), and Spain, 67.1 nmol\/l (IQR 47.1\u201387.1) or 26.8 ng\/ml (IQR 18.8\u201334.8). Eleven percent of Icelandic participants had s25(OH)D concentrations &lt;25 nmol\/l (10 ng\/ml) and 66% of Icelandic, 43% of Irish, and 30% of Spanish volunteers had concentrations &lt;50 nmol\/l (20 ng\/ml), respectively. Overall, 17% met 3 or more of the NCEP\/ATP III criteria for cardio-metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants in the lowest third of s25(OH)D [\u226442.5 nmol\/l (17 ng\/ml)] were more likely to have MetS (OR 2.49, p = 0.045) and elevated TAG (OR 3.46, p = 0.019). Individuals with iPTH concentrations in the lowest third [2.34 pmol\/l (22.2 pg\/ml)] were more likely to have elevated fasting TAG (OR 4.17, p = 0.039), insulin (OR 3.15, p = 0.029) and HOMA-IR (OR 2.15, p = 0.031), and they were less likely to have elevated IL-6 (OR 0.24, p = 0.003). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt; There were interactions between s25(OH)D, iPTH and cardio-metabolic risk factors which, given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and a low vitamin D status among adults, require randomised controlled vitamin D intervention studies in overweight persons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000324600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]],"date-time":"2011-04-08T11:48:49Z","timestamp":1302263329000},"page":"85-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Relationships between Vitamin D Status and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Young European 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