{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:59:14Z","timestamp":1774263554159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background\/Aim:<\/i><\/b> Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) needs alternative therapeutic approaches. Gentian violet (GeV) has been traditionally used to treat mucocutaneous candidosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of GeV against <i>Candida<\/i> spp. and contribute to clarify the mechanism of action, supporting its clinical therapeutic use. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Seventeen clinical <i>Candida<\/i> isolates from RVVC and one <i>C. albicans<\/i> type collection (ATCC 10231) were studied; the antifungal activity of GeV was evaluated according to the CLSI M27-A3 protocol. To elucidate its mechanism of action, cells were stained with propidium iodide and afterwards analyzed by flow cytometer. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> GeV showed a fungicidal activity against most <i>Candida<\/i> spp. <i>C. albicans <\/i>and <i>C. tropicalis <\/i>were the most susceptible species. Minimal lethal concentrations were similar to minimal inhibitory concentrations for most tested strains. The fungicidal effect was not related to a primary lesion of the cytoplasmic membrane. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> In accordance with our findings, GeV is a valuable potent fungicidal drug to be used topically, isolated or in combination with oral antifungal drugs, particularly in RVVC cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000338899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]],"date-time":"2012-08-10T08:13:59Z","timestamp":1344586439000},"page":"120-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In vitro Assessment of Gentian Violet Anti-<b><i>Candida<\/i><\/b> Activity"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"A.R.","family":"Gomes-de-Elvas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Palmeira-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Palmeira-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.G.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Martinez-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0002-9378%2898%2980001-X"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258%2F095646202760159639"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054%2Fdrup.1999.0088"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0002-9378%2897%2980026-9"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0196-4399%2801%2980058-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS1201-9712%2802%2990154-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2006.03.012"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2008.06.029"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2009.03.021"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165%2F00003495-200868130-00002"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174%2F138955709789878150"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590%2FS0102-695X2006000200011"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000314023"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099%2Fjmm.0.46443-0"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F13880200802436232"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2007.11.008"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs11046-009-9258-9"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0732-8893%2802%2900525-4"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2F978-1-60761-611-5_21"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.3.5776.702-d"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021%2Fbi00620a005"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0272-0590%2885%2990172-1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2FBF00422524"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.2.5266.1530"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000314022"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.phymed.2008.07.015"}],"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/338899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/338899","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/338899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:23:24Z","timestamp":1745432604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000338899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000338899","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}