{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T09:03:03Z","timestamp":1776589383605,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Post-stroke apathy is a disturbance of motivation evidenced by low initiative, difficulties in starting, sustaining or finishing any goal-directed activity, low self-activation or self-initiated behavior and emotional indifference. Apathy is a common behavioral disturbance in stroke survivors. We aimed to analyze the relationship between post-stroke apathy at 1 year after stroke and (1) apathy in acute phase; (2) demographic, pre-stroke predisposing conditions (previous mild cognitive impairment, alcohol abuse, mood\/anxiety disorder) and clinical features (stroke type and location, neurological symptoms); (3) post-stroke depression and post-stroke cognitive impairment, and (4) post-stroke functional outcome, quality of life and the perception of health. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Consecutive stroke (infarct\/intracerebral hemorrhage) patients without aphasia or consciousness disturbances were included in the acute phase of stroke and assessed at 1 year after stroke. We assessed apathy with the clinically rated version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. We also assessed post-stroke depression (Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (attention, mental flexibility, verbal, motor and graphomotor initiative, and non-verbal and verbal abstract reasoning, and Mini-Mental State Examination), functional outcome (Barthel Index), quality of life and perception of health (EuroQol). Data were analyzed using bivariate associations (&amp;#x03C7;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt; and t test) and stepwise multivariate analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We included 76 stroke patients [32.9% women, mean age 62.9 years (SD = 10.9) and a mean of 6.9 (SD = 4.3) years of education]. Apathy was present in 17 patients in the acute phase and in 18 (23.7%) patients at 1 year after stroke. At 1 year after stroke, 41% of the acute apathetic patients remained apathetic. Sixty-one percent of new cases of post-stroke apathy were detected. Post-stroke apathy was associated only with previous cognitive impairment, apathy in acute stroke, post-stroke cognitive impairment, verbal abstract reasoning and with worse Barthel Index scale scores. In the multivariate logistic regression model, verbal abstract reasoning (odds ratio, OR = 7.03) and apathy in acute stroke (OR = 3.8) were identified as independent factors for post-stroke apathy at 1 year. Apathetic patients did not report worse quality of life or health. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Apathy in acute stroke phase was a reliable indicator of post-stroke apathy. Apathy should be assessed in both phases. Verbal abstract reasoning impairment was also an independent factor for post-stroke apathy impairing patients' ability to reason about goal-directed activity. Even though apathetic patients had worse post-stroke functional outcome, they did not report losing quality of life or having worse health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000350202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T08:28:24Z","timestamp":1370420904000},"page":"507-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Post-Stroke Apathy: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Caeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pinho e Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Canh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. Lu\u00edsa","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0165-1781%2891%2990040-V"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1468-1331.2011.03508.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000319771"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017%2FS1041610209991116"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.genhosppsych.2009.10.001"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212%2F01.wnl.0000314686.94007.d0"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080%2F13607860902845525"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.109.554410"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000093340"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017%2FS0033291705006173"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.jns.2005.06.004"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1600-0447.2004.00297.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.0000135017.51144.c9"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2FMRR.0b013e3282fc0f0e"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fjnnp.2008.157875"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2Fj.archger.2004.04.042"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fgps.869"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2F1531-8249%28200008%2948%3A2%3C220%3A%3AAID-ANA12%3E3.0.CO%3B2-M"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F08039480903274415"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002%2Fgps.1866"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212%2FWNL.52.1.22"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097%2F01.wnn.0000152226.13001.8a"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000346076"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00415-004-0294-6"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.20.7.864"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2877%2991201-6"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.21.6.858"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0140-6736%2891%2993206-O"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.20.6.828"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F09638288809164103"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109%2F07853890109002087"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159%2F000113737"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192%2Fbjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2F0022-3956%2875%2990026-6"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001%2Farchneur.56.3.303"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037%2F0882-7974.6.4.551"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136%2Fbmj.316.7139.1236"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007%2Fs00406-006-0698-7"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016%2FS0013-7006%2804%2995416-4"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161%2F01.STR.28.12.2437"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310%2Ftsr1606-425"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176%2Fappi.neuropsych.23.3.340"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111%2Fj.1440-1819.2007.01705.x"}],"container-title":["Cerebrovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/350202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/350202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:15:58Z","timestamp":1745432158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000350202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000350202","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5124829","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1015-9770","1421-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-9770","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}