{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:35:37Z","timestamp":1773268537644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Against a background of considerable epidemiological and other evidence implicating omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the negative results of the Age-Related Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) were unexpected. The possibility that the design, setting, intake or subjects of AREDS2 may not have permitted the prophylactic potential of omega-3 to be adequately demonstrated is considered. Epidemiological studies had indicated potential preventative effects of omega-3, and an earlier randomised prospective study (NAT2) showed that patients who achieved high red blood cell membrane EPA\/DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid\/docosahexaenoic acid) levels were significantly protected against AMD compared with those with permanently low EPA\/DHA levels. Various methodological differences between these studies are considered. NAT2 included a true placebo group, whereas control subjects in AREDS2 received a nutritional formula already found to be effective in AREDS1, but no placebo for DHA\/EPA supplementation. Differences in the handling of non-compliant subjects and the formulation of the test formulations are considered. Given these considerations, and other lines of evidence from laboratory and clinical studies, closing the chapter on omega-3 in AMD prevention may be premature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000441359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T22:01:22Z","timestamp":1448575282000},"page":"62-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Eric H.","family":"Souied","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Garcia-Layana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Leys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2099-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Delcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4997"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.3.401"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.7.981"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.7.995"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602685"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.76"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.058"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.9.1274"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.518"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.60"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.34"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.141"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7254"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.020"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100060069034"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.12.1833"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.8.1191"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1728"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.171033"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000085248"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-7-3"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.10.1439"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.005"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-13916"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2010.06.007"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.002"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2078"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441359","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:59:44Z","timestamp":1745431184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000441359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000441359","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]}}}