{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:27:04Z","timestamp":1784042824342,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was the study objective to evaluate whether low levels of plasma protein S (PS) activity, free PS, protein C (PC) activity and coagulation factor XII (FXII) during early pregnancy are related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at 8\u201314 gestational weeks (GW) from a consecutive series of 1,220 women. The levels of plasma PS activity, free PS, PC activity, and FXII were measured. Cut-off values were defined as &lt; 1st, &lt; 5th, and &lt; 10th percentiles of values obtained from 933 women whose pregnancies ended in normal deliveries without complications. PS activity of &lt; 10th percentile yielded risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and severe PIH, while free PS level of &lt; 5th percentile yielded a risk of preeclampsia. FXII level of &lt; 1st percentile yielded a risk of premature delivery (PD) at &lt; 34 GW. None was associated with PD at &lt; 37 GW, fetal growth restriction or fetal loss. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that PS activity of &lt; 10th percentile (odds ratio 5.9, 95 % confidence interval 1.7\u201318.1) and body mass index (BMI) \u2265 25 kg\/m2 (4.3, 1.1\u201313.3) were independent risk factors for severe PIH. Similarly, free PS level of &lt; 5th percentile (4.4, 1.0\u201314.3) and BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2 (4.0, 1.3\u201310.9) were independent risk factors for pre-eclampsia. In conclusion, women with low levels of plasma PS activity and free PS during early pregnancy might have increased risks of PIH, severe PIH or pre-eclampsia. Women with low FXII level might have an increased risk of PD at &lt; 34 GW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1160\/th14-11-0928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T15:06:56Z","timestamp":1429196816000},"page":"65-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Low levels of plasma protein S, protein C and coagulation factor XII during early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy 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