{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T15:17:47Z","timestamp":1776007067308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonged vascular hyperpermeability is a common feature of many diseases. Vascular hyperpermeability is typically associated with changes in the expression patterns of adherens and tight junction proteins. Here, we focus on the less-appreciated contribution of gap junction proteins (connexins) to basal vascular permeability and endothelial dysfunction. First, we assess the association of connexins with endothelial barrier integrity by introducing tools used in connexin biology and relating the findings to customary readouts in vascular biology. Second, we explore potential mechanistic ties between connexins and junction regulation. Third, we review the role of connexins in microvascular organisation and development, focusing on interactions of the endothelium with mural cells and tissue-specific perivascular cells. Last, we see how connexins contribute to the interactions between the endothelium and components of the immune system, by using neutrophils as an example. Mounting evidence of crosstalk between connexins and other junction proteins suggests that we rethink the way in which different junction components contribute to endothelial barrier function. Given the multiple points of connexin-mediated communication arising from the endothelium, there is great potential for synergism between connexin-targeted inhibitors and existing immune-targeted therapeutics. As more drugs targeting connexins progress through clinical trials, it is hoped that some might prove effective at countering vascular hyperpermeability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1160\/th16-03-0210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T07:44:54Z","timestamp":1470296694000},"page":"852-867","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Connexins in endothelial barrier function \u2013 novel therapeutic targets countering vascular hyperpermeability"],"prefix":"10.1160","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Allyson Shook","family":"Soon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Chua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH12-09-0678"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386037-8.00001-6","volume":"290","author":"Chavez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03087.x"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-008-0694-5"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.25740"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-04-0298"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2003"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.103.036350"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.01.001"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.01.049"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2011.12.009"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(09)78002-5","volume":"278","author":"Johnstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.02.025"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1245-9"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.6.649"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2012.05.011"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15419060500514119"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.6.636"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000362122"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2012.05.011"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-009-0029-y"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.02.148"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.01.011"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-013-9335-z"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2008.06.005"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.86"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.08.002"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00392"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20647"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11763"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02163.x"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15419060801891034"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(02)00180-X"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.02.003"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000255691.76142.4a"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000274384"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100931"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-007-9054-8"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55045-6","volume":"266","author":"Shore","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490360105"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.3.849"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.07.001"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.07.014"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007047107"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051922"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.10.023"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.106.4.1307"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200105047"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.1.11","volume":"109","author":"Hertig","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00339"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412921200"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.08.020"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.158014"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.6.1475"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200411127"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.06.015"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00650.2010"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2007.10.006"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E07-12-1215"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04440.x"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201404140"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.07.006"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00999.2010"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037374"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00155.2015"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088304"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-010-0830-4"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000019756.88731.83"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000173461.36221.2e"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.91488.2007"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01792.x"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.3.805"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000091259.84556.D5"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00577-07"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20990"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9254","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09254.2003","volume":"23","author":"Simard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr338"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-012-9460-4"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-80","first-page":"732","volume":"20","author":"Tien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400446200"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1519"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14606"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-008-9099-z"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.045"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e3180310bd1"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26605"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2003.10.021"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2007.03.008"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000316942"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742734"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21688370.2014.978720"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-164023"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-94","first-page":"H699","volume":"253","author":"Hernandez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.66.5.1436"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917350"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(89)90072-1"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq140"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0402184"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-100","first-page":"BR313","volume":"8","author":"Bra\u00f1es","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15419060600631250"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00654.x"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1997.0287"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03087.x"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-105","first-page":"L7","volume":"264","author":"Ferro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c110051","volume":"2","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/803257"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00266.2008"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.867176"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040915"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.8127"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4449"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20118"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.108"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008737107"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1320"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12902"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-118","first-page":"892710","volume":"2013","author":"Donati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000138558.16257.3F"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181922bd3"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wmts.72"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.11.048"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945013804806479"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.584875"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.046"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00219.2011"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00211.2014"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1323","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00016.2015","volume":"309","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7892609"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2003.10.006"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171305298"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1526-968X(200101)29:1<1::AID-GENE1000>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.106.137182"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.06.022"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70113-7"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385525a0"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00683.2011"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0826"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-03-0210-139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.04.050"}],"container-title":["Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1160\/TH16-03-0210.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T22:50:52Z","timestamp":1656975052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1160\/TH16-03-0210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1160\/th16-03-0210","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6245","2567-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6245","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}