{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:14:14Z","timestamp":1781104454182,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Selectins, such as E-selectin (CD62E), function in venous thrombosis by binding and activating immune cells to initiate the coagulation cascade. GMI-1271 is a small molecule antagonist that inhibits E-selectin activity. Here we determine whether inhibition of E-selectin is sufficient to decrease acute venous thrombosis and associated inflammatory events in both prophylactic and treatment protocols without significantly affecting haemostasis. Male C57BL\/6 mice underwent surgery for experimental thrombosis induction and were harvested at peak thrombus formation in our animal model, two days post induction. Groups included non-thrombosed true controls, shams, controls, and prophylactic or treatment groups of GMI-1271 (10 mg\/kg intraperitoneal BID (twice a day) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, Lovenox 6 mg\/kg subcutaneously (SC), once a day (SID). Compared with control animals, prophylaxis or treatment with LMWH and GMI-1271 in a dose-dependent manner significantly decreased thrombosis. GMI-1271 significantly lowered tail bleeding times when compared to LMWH. GMI-1271 and LMWH prophylactically administered significantly decreased vein wall neutrophil cell extravasation. However, all treatment and prophylactic therapies significantly decreased vein wall monocyte extravasation versus controls. GMI-1271 prophylactic therapy significantly decreased intra-thrombus cell counts versus control animals and other treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that both treatments with GMI-1271 and LMWH significantly decreased activated leukocyte migration. GMI-1271 therapy significantly decreased thrombus weight and resulted in significantly lower bleeding times than LMWH. GMI-1271 treated mice showed decreased local and systemic inflammatory effects while modulating neutrophil activation, suggesting that GMI-1271 is a viable therapeutic candidate for venous thrombosis prophylaxis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1160\/th16-04-0323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T13:28:25Z","timestamp":1489670905000},"page":"1171-1181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["E-selectin inhibition with GMI-1271 decreases venous thrombosis without profoundly affecting tail vein bleeding in a mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1160","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Dorian L.","family":"Culmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misha L.","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela E.","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Sigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Henke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Daniel D.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-04-0323-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.162545"},{"key":"10.1160\/TH16-04-0323-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez JA, Kearon C, Lee AY. 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