{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:33:12Z","timestamp":1776087192183,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","funder":[{"name":"Chinese Natural Science Foundation","award":["81070178, 81370256 and 91539117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81070178, 81370256 and 91539117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>We showed previously that reduced level of vasostatin-2 (VS-2) correlates to the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. In this study, we aimed to figure out the role of chromogranin A (CGA) derived VS-2 in the development of atherosclerosis and monocyte\/macrophage recruitment. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-\/-) mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited attenuated lesion size by 65 % and 41 % in En face and aortic root Oil red O staining, MOMA-2 positive area by 64 %, respectively, in VS-2 treatment group compared with PBS group. Proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were all remarkably reduced in aortic tissues after VS-2 treatment. Mechanistically, in adhesion assay using intravital microscopy in vivo, VS-2 suppressed the number of leukocytes adhering to the wall of apoE-\/- mice mesenteric arteries. In chemotactic assay, flow cytometry analysis of peritoneal lavage exudate from C57BL\/6 mice showed VS-2 significantly decreased the recruiment number of inflammatory monocytes\/macrophages in a thioglycollate-induced peritonitis model. Furthermore, fewer fluorescent latex beads labelled Ly-6Chi monocytes accumulated in aortic sinus lesions of apoE-\/- mice after VS-2 treatment. In addition, according to the microarray of human monocyte\/macrophage, we found VS-2 stimulation caused a dose-dependent decrease of Rac1 expression and inactivation of Pak1 in mice primary monocytes as well as THP-1 cells and inhibited MCP-1\/CCL-5 induced transmigration in vitro. In conclusion, the Chromogranin A-derived VS-2 attenuates atherosclerosis in apoE-\/- mice and, in addition to its anti-inflammatory property, also acts as an inhibitor in monocyte\/macrophage recruitment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1160\/th16-06-0475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T09:50:47Z","timestamp":1478771447000},"page":"401-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The anti-inflammatory vasostatin-2 attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE-\/- mice and inhibits monocyte\/macrophage 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