{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:13:39Z","timestamp":1761110019449},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ATVB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n            Microalbuminuria in diabetic patients is associated with ischemic heart disease and insulin resistance. We previously found a 9% prevalence of microalbuminuria in a nondiabetic population that we have reassessed, investigating associations of microalbuminuria with hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and sodium-lithium countertransport. Of 125 subjects reexamined, 42 had been microalbuminuric 3 years previously. Twelve of these (29%) were microalbuminuric on at least one sample at follow-up, and 30 (76%) were normoalbuminuric on two. Of the 79 previously normoalbuminuric subjects, 12 (15%) became microalbuminuric on one sample, while 67 (85%) remained normoalbuminuric. Subjects who were microalbuminuric at both screening and recall were older (mean\u00b1SD, 65.9\u00b111 versus 59.1\u00b110.2 years,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.04), with a higher waist-to-hip ratio (0.93\u00b10.09 versus 0.86\u00b10.08,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.008) and at recall, on univariate analysis, had higher specific insulin (44.2 [range, 16.9 to 157.0] versus 28.4 [7.4 to 129.0] pmol\/L,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.005), intact proinsulin (5.1 [1.5 to 11.0] versus 3.0 [0.8 to 14.6] pmol\/L,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.003), and des-31,32-proinsulin (5.0 [0.5 to 9.8] versus 1.0 [0.5 to 12.2] pmol\/L,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.004) concentrations. There was also a significant difference in des-31,32-proinsulin concentration, after adjustment for covariates (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.013), between subjects classified either as microalbuminuric or as normoalbuminuric at screening. There was no difference in body mass index; fasting blood glucose; systolic or diastolic blood pressure; total, HDL, or LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; or sodium-lithium countertransport activity between consistently normoalbuminuric and persistently microalbuminuric subjects. We found a positive relationship of changes in albumin excretion rate with those in HDL cholesterol concentrations over the follow-up period (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            =.25,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.009) but none with changes in fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, other lipids, insulin, or proinsulin-like molecules. In conclusion, microalbuminuria is an unstable phenomenon over a period of 3 years in nondiabetic subjects, with a coefficient of variation of \u224860% on two paired samples over this time. It is associated with increased concentrations of insulin and of proinsulin-like molecules but not with other features of the insulin resistance syndrome.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.15.9.1330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T19:44:19Z","timestamp":1308339859000},"page":"1330-1337","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Longitudinal Study of Associations of Microalbuminuria With the Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Sodium-Lithium Countertransport in Nondiabetic Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wendy-Jane","family":"Foyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Carstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam C.","family":"Ferna\u0301ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Yudkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92450-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198402093100605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1988.tb00958.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.6.736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92657-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420080075034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.1.3.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00284458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6672.487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01674.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91943-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V34s56","volume":"3","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.10.5.727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.4.552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905043201801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6597.515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198004033021403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krolewski AS Canessa M Warram JH Laffel LMB Christlieb AR Knowler WC Rand LI. 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