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In this study, male Sinclair miniature pigs were made diabetic by destroying the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas with alloxan and then were fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet for comparison with pigs fed a nondiabetic high fat and high cholesterol diet and control pigs. Diabetic pigs exhibited hyperglycemia, but plasma urea nitrogen, creatinine, and transaminase levels were in the normal range, indicating no adverse effects on kidney and liver function. The lipoprotein profile in diabetic pigs was similar to that found in human diabetic patients and was characterized by hypertriglyceridemia (2.8-fold increase versus control and high fat\u2013fed pigs) and a profound shift of cholesterol distribution into the LDL fraction (81%) versus the distribution in high fat\u2013fed (64%) and control (57%) pigs. LDL particles were lipid-enriched and more heterogeneous in diabetic pigs. Apolipoprotein B was distributed among a much broader spectrum of LDL particles, and apolipoprotein E was partially redistributed from high-density lipoprotein to apolipoprotein B\u2013containing lipoproteins in diabetic pigs. There was little change in apolipoprotein A-I distribution. Diabetic pigs showed several early signs of excess vascular disease. In diabetic pigs, 75% of the coronary artery segments showed contractile oscillations in response to prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>compared with 25% in high fat\u2013fed pigs and 10% in control pigs. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of brachial arteries was nearly abolished in diabetic pigs but unchanged in high fat\u2013fed versus control pigs. Carotid artery Sudan IV staining for fatty streaks was significantly increased only in diabetic pigs. This porcine model should provide insights into the etiology of human diabetic dyslipidemia and facilitate study of peripheral vascular and coronary artery disease in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.19.12.2981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T19:44:19Z","timestamp":1308339859000},"page":"2981-2992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Dyslipidemia and Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Pigs Fed an Atherogenic Diet"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (J.L.D., J.D.S., G.A.W.), the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (M.H.L.), the Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (G.A.W.), and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine (J.L.P., M.H.L., M.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Stoops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (J.L.D., J.D.S., G.A.W.), the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (M.H.L.), the Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (G.A.W.), and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine (J.L.P., M.H.L., M.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (J.L.D., J.D.S., G.A.W.), the Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (M.H.L.), the Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (G.A.W.), and the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine (J.L.P., M.H.L., M.S.), University of Missouri, Columbia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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