{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:53:09Z","timestamp":1787017989023,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Estrogen reverses acetylcholine-induced coronary vasoconstriction via the possible facilitation of endothelium-derived NO. Estrogen also affects endothelium-derived constrictor factors. We therefore investigated the effects of 17\u03b2-estradiol on coronary vasomotor responses to substance P (SP), and coronary sinus endothelin-1 and NO metabolite levels in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014We studied 20 women; 14 received estrogen (mean age 65\u00b12 years) and 6 served as ethanol control subjects (age 63\u00b13 years). Intracoronary infusions of papaverine (8 mg) and SP were administered before and 20 minutes after 50 pg\/min 17\u03b2-estradiol or 0.2 \u03bcL\/min control. Coronary blood flow was calculated from the diameter, as measured with quantitative coronary angiography, and flow velocity, as measured with intracoronary Doppler. Coronary sinus plasma endothelin-1 and nitrite\/nitrate (NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were measured at baseline, at peak velocity response to each infusion, and every 5 minutes during the estradiol infusion. Endothelin-1 levels were decreased after 20 minutes of estradiol (1.12\u00b10.18 versus 0.86\u00b10.17 pmol\/L baseline2 versus estradiol,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.05). Endothelin-1 levels to SP decreased after 17\u03b2-estradiol (1.29\u00b10.18 versus 1.04\u00b10.15 and 1.3\u00b10.16 versus 0.99\u00b10.17 pmol\/L for before versus after estradiol, 10 and 25 pmol\/min SP; both\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05). NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels did not change. There was no change in vasomotor responses to estradiol alone or to papaverine or SP before versus after estradiol.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Short-term intracoronary 17\u03b2-estradiol administration decreases coronary endothelin-1 levels. There was no enhancement of vasomotor responses to SP after the administration of estrogen, suggesting that the effects of estrogen on coronary acetylcholine responses may be a specific and not a generalized effect on coronary vasoreactivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.14.1617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T20:42:29Z","timestamp":1339447349000},"page":"1617-1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["17\u03b2-Estradiol Decreases Endothelin-1 Levels in the Coronary Circulation of Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Carolyn M.","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiac Medicine (C.M.W., J.G.M., P.C.), National Heart &amp; Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, and Royal Brompton Hospital, and Department of Metabolic Medicine (M.A.G.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Ghatei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiac Medicine (C.M.W., J.G.M., P.C.), National Heart &amp; Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, and Royal Brompton Hospital, and Department of Metabolic Medicine (M.A.G.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"McNeill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiac Medicine (C.M.W., J.G.M., P.C.), National Heart &amp; Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, and Royal Brompton Hospital, and Department of Metabolic Medicine (M.A.G.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"DCRR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiac Medicine (C.M.W., J.G.M., P.C.), National Heart &amp; Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, and Royal Brompton Hospital, and Department of Metabolic Medicine (M.A.G.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cardiac Medicine (C.M.W., J.G.M., P.C.), National Heart &amp; Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, and Royal Brompton Hospital, and Department of Metabolic Medicine (M.A.G.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90116-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.89.6.8205663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.92.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.5212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00124-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.96.9.2795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.88.6.8252706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.92.9.2426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"H271","volume":"263","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jiang C, Sarrel PM, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. 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