{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T01:13:24Z","timestamp":1715562804891},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The standard lead configuration for internal atrial defibrillation consists of a shock between electrodes in the right atrial appendage (RAA) and coronary sinus (CS). We tested the hypothesis that the atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) of this RAA\u2192CS configuration would be lowered with use of an additional electrode at the atrial septum (SP).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Sustained atrial fibrillation was induced in 8 closed-chest sheep with burst pacing and continuous pericardial infusion of acetyl-\u03b2-methylcholine. Defibrillation electrodes were situated in the RAA, CS, pulmonary artery (PA), low right atrium (LRA), and across the SP. ADFTs of RAA\u2192CS and 4 other lead configurations were determined in random order by use of a multiple-reversal protocol. Biphasic waveforms of 3\/1-ms duration were used for all single and sequential shocks. The ADFT delivered energies for the single-shock configurations were 1.27\u00b10.67 J for RAA\u2192CS and 0.86\u00b10.59 J for RAA+CS\u2192SP; the ADFTs for the sequential-shock configurations were 0.39\u00b10.18 J for RAA\u2192SP\/CS\u2192SP, 1.16\u00b10.72 J for CS\u2192SP\/RAA\u2192SP, and 0.68\u00b10.46 J for RAA\u2192CS\/LRA\u2192PA. Except for CS\u2192SP\/RAA\u2192SP versus RAA\u2192CS and RAA\u2192CS\/LRA\u2192PA versus RAA+CS\u2192SP, the ADFT delivered energies of all of the configurations were significantly different from each other (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.05).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The ADFT of the standard RAA\u2192CS configuration is markedly reduced with an additional electrode at the atrial SP.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.21.2659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:42:29Z","timestamp":1339461749000},"page":"2659-2664","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reduction of Atrial Defibrillation Threshold With an Interatrial Septal Electrode"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Xiangsheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Benser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Walcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Girouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis L.","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond E.","family":"Ideker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00555-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.96.1.253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199448030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.82.4.2144796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90338-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.98.16.1651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01610.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.96.8.2693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00220-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb04848.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00733-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(82)90390-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.52.4.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.85.4.1555291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"H902","volume":"255","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shibata N, Chen PS, Dixon EG, et al. 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