{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T22:58:44Z","timestamp":1762210724283},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (Cp) infection has been associated with atherosclerosis and has been proposed as a possible additional cardiovascular risk factor. However, the relationship between Cp seropositivity and the progression of early carotid atherosclerosis is not unequivocally clarified.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014We evaluated the association between serological detection of Cp IgG and\/or IgA antibodies and the progression of the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery using duplex ultrasonography in a prospective study with a follow-up of 3 years in 272 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease. Cp-seropositive patients showed a significantly enhanced progression of the IMT even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors (0.12 mm\/y [95% CI 0.11 to 0.14] versus 0.07 mm\/y [0.05 to 0.09];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.005). Patients with increased C-reactive protein (\u22650.5 mg\/dL) and Cp seropositivity showed the most pronounced IMT progression. Multivariate regression analysis revealed Cp seropositivity to be an independent risk factor for progression of early carotid atherosclerosis. Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis demonstrated a significantly increased rate of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with Cp seropositivity, particularly in patients with increased C-reactive protein levels.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Our data support the importance of chronic inflammation and infection for the early stages of atherosclerotic development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.103.10.1390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1339459772000},"page":"1390-1395","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Enhanced Progression of Early Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Related to\n            <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>\n            (Taiwan Acute Respiratory) Seropositivity"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Sander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Chemnitz (J.K.), Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Winbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Chemnitz (J.K.), Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju\u0308rgen","family":"Klingelho\u0308fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Chemnitz (J.K.), Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorleif","family":"Etgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Chemnitz (J.K.), Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Chemnitz (J.K.), Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","unstructured":"Nieminen MS Mattila K Valtonen V. Infection and inflammation as risk factors for myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1993;14( suppl K):12\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90741-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.99.21.2733"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.29.2.404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90332-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.30.2.299"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.97.7.633"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.99.12.1540"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1283"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.1999.0915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvb.20.4.1061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S. The microimmunofluorescence test for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: technique and interpretation. 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