{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:26:41Z","timestamp":1770823601941,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are the leading mechanism of death in patients with acute and chronic cardiac pathologies. The extent to which inherited mutations and polymorphic variation in genes determining arrhythmogenic mechanisms affect these patients remains unknown, but based on recent population studies, this risk appears significant, deserving much greater investigation. This report summarizes a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop that considered sources of genetic variation that may contribute to sudden cardiac death in common cardiac diseases. Evidence on arrhythmogenic mechanisms in recent population studies suggests a significant portion of the risk of sudden cardiac death in such broad populations may be unrelated to traditional risk factors for predisposing conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes and instead may involve unrecognized genetic and environmental interactions that influence arrhythmic susceptibility more directly. Additional population and genetic studies directed at discovering the sources of inherited molecular risk that are most directly linked to arrhythmia initiation and propagation, in addition to studies on previously well-described risk factors, would appear to have considerable potential for reducing premature cardiovascular mortality.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.103.19.2361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1339459772000},"page":"2361-2364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Sudden Cardiac Death, Genes, and Arrhythmogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Spooner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Boineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Elston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Alfred L.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Jouven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lewis H.","family":"Kuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean W.","family":"MacCluer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Marba\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Siscovick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell P.","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Zipes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P.M.S., R.B.), Bethesda, Md; Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital (C.A.), Boston, Mass; Boston University (E.J.B.), Boston, Mass; Case Western Reserve University (R.C.E.), Cleveland, Ohio; Vanderbilt University (A.L.G.), Nashville, Tenn; Hospital Boucicaut, Paris, France (X.J.); University of Pittsburgh (L.H.K.), Pittsburgh, Pa; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (J.W.M.), San Antonio, Texas; Johns Hopkins Medical School (E.M.), Baltimore, Md;..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.98.21.2334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.102.6.611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Myerburg RJ Kessler KM Castellanous A. 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