{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:13:29Z","timestamp":1789766009700,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Blood  flow can be quantified noninvasively by phase-contrast cine MRI (PC-MRI) in adults. Little is known about the feasibility of the method in children with congenital heart disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014In 50 children (mean age 6.2 years, range 1.1 to 17.7 years) with an atrial- or ventricular-level shunt, blood flow rate in the great vessels was determined by PC-MRI, and the ratio of pulmonary to aortic flow (Q\u0307p\/Q\u0307s) was compared with Q\u0307p\/Q\u0307s by oximetry. We found a difference of 2% and a range of \u221220% to +26% (limits of agreement, mean\u00b12 SD). In another 7 children with congenital heart disease but no cardiac shunting (mean age 7.9 years, range 1.3 to 13.5 years), Q\u0307p\/Q\u0307s by PC-MRI was 1.02 (SD \u00b10.06). No difference between systemic venous and aortic flow volumes was found (range \u221217% to +20%, n=37). Blood flow through a secundum atrial septal defect as assessed by PC-MRI (n=24) overestimated the shunt compared with the difference between pulmonary and aortic flows. The mean difference between 3 repeated PC-MRI measurements in each location was 5.3% (SD \u00b14.0%, n=522), demonstrating good precision. The interobserver variability was low. The accuracy of PC-MRI was confirmed by in vitro experiments.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Determination of Q\u0307p\/Q\u0307s by PC-MRI in children is quick, safe, and reliable compared with oximetry. Systemic venous flow can be quantified by PC-MRI, whereas through-plane shunt measurement within an atrial septal defect is inaccurate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.103.20.2476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T20:09:32Z","timestamp":1339445372000},"page":"2476-2482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":263,"title":["Noninvasive Quantification of Left-to-Right Shunt in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Beerbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinic for Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center, North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Ko\u0308rperich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinic for Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center, North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinic for Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center, North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Esdorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinic for Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center, North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u0308rgen","family":"Gieseke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinic for Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center, North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinic for Congenital Heart Disease, Heart and Diabetes Center, North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands (J.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.53.5.535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90612-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80600-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.36.5.446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90544-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90384-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.91.12.2955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.2.r99ma43453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198709000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01806217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.3.1438767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198808000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880050607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"49","volume":"410","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stahlberg F, Sondergaard L, Thomsen C. MR flow quantification with cardiovascular applications: a short overview. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1995;410:49\u201356.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469910007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910300113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(92)90368-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(94)90090-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910220255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02011608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469910014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.3.1503004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.2.2217797"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.103.20.2476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T08:51:16Z","timestamp":1715503876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.103.20.2476"}},"subtitle":["Phase-Contrast Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Invasive Oximetry"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.103.20.2476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.103.20.2476","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-03-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-05-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}