{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:16:05Z","timestamp":1791915365801,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>Cocaine consumption has been associated with thrombosis of coronary and peripheral arteries. Since cocaine has been found to induce platelet activation in vitro, we sought to establish whether cocaine induced platelet activation in vivo.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>Chronically instrumented, conscious dogs were infused with cocaine (1 mg\/kg), norepinephrine (0.2 to 0.4 mg\/kg), or saline intravenously over 1 minute. Activated canine platelets were identified in whole blood collected from an indwelling aortic catheter by flow cytometric detection of the binding of a monoclonal antibody directed against the activation-dependent antigen P-selectin. Infusion of cocaine resulted in an elevation of mean arterial pressure (91\u00b13 to 128\u00b17 mm Hg [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001]) and heart rate (87\u00b19 to 125\u00b111 beats per minute [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01]). A similar change (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=NS) in mean arterial pressure followed norepinephrine infusion (100\u00b15 to 137\u00b113 mm Hg [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.04]), whereas saline infusion had no effect. Cocaine resulted in a substantial but delayed increase in platelet P-selectin expression (14\u00b17% [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.08], 31\u00b112% [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.04], and 55\u00b122% [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.04] at 17, 22, and 27 minutes after drug infusion, respectively). The magnitude of this increase was similar to that found in blood treated ex vivo with the agonists ADP or PAF (23\u00b17% and 53\u00b115%, respectively). No significant increase in P-selectin expression was detected in the blood of animals that received norepinephrine or saline. Serum cocaine concentrations were highest immediately after infusion (538\u00b155 ng\/mL at 2 minutes) but declined rapidly (185\u00b122 and 110\u00b125 ng\/mL at 17 and 32 minutes after infusion); in contrast, the increase in benzoylecgonine concentrations was delayed (from &lt;25 ng\/mL in all but one animal [34 ng\/mL] at 2 minutes to 46\u00b14 and 71\u00b111 ng\/mL at 17 and 32 minutes, respectively, after infusion).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>Intravenous cocaine induces activation of individual circulating platelets; this effect is not reproduced by infusion of norepinephrine at doses sufficient to exert similar hemodynamic effects. The delay in detection of activated platelets after treatment with cocaine may result from the adhesion and subsequent detachment of activated platelets; alternatively, cocaine metabolites, rather than the drug itself, may induce platelet activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.91.5.1336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:34:42Z","timestamp":1339461282000},"page":"1336-1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Intravenous Cocaine Induces Platelet Activation in the Conscious Dog"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Aaron D.","family":"Kugelmass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Charles A. Dana Research Institute and the Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory of the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.D.K., R.P.S., J.A.W.); the New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Mass (R.P.S.); and the Hematology Division, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (E.L.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Charles A. Dana Research Institute and the Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory of the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.D.K., R.P.S., J.A.W.); the New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Mass (R.P.S.); and the Hematology Division, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (E.L.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik L.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Charles A. Dana Research Institute and the Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory of the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.D.K., R.P.S., J.A.W.); the New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Mass (R.P.S.); and the Hematology Division, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (E.L.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Anthony","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Charles A. Dana Research Institute and the Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory of the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.D.K., R.P.S., J.A.W.); the New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Mass (R.P.S.); and the Hematology Division, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario (E.L.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-10-797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.85.2.1346509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90080-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-4-564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(84)80340-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-7-571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"479","volume":"110","year":"1986","unstructured":"Simpson RW, Edwards RD. 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