{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:54:12Z","timestamp":1791860052786,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            The role of endothelin ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptors in mediating vasoconstriction in humans is unclear. As yet, there have been no in vivo studies in resistance vessels, and in vitro data have been contradictory. We therefore investigated the function of ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptors in vivo in human forearm resistance and hand capacitance vessels using endothelin-1 as a nonselective agonist at ET\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            and ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptors and endothelin-3 and sarafotoxin S6c as selective agonists at the ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptor.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            A series of single-blind studies were performed, each in six healthy men. Brachial artery infusion of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 caused slow-onset dose-dependent forearm vasoconstriction. Although endothelin-3 caused significantly less forearm vasoconstriction than endothelin-1 at low doses, vasoconstriction was similar to the two isopeptides at the highest dose (60 pmol\/min). Endothelin-3 caused transient forearm vasodilatation at this dose, whereas endothelin-1 showed only a nonsignificant trend toward causing early vasodilatation. Intra-arterial sarafotoxin S6c caused a progressive reduction in forearm blood flow, although less than that to endothelin-1 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.04). Dorsal hand vein infusion of sarafotoxin S6c caused local venoconstriction that was also less than that to endothelin-1 (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.002).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            Selective ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptor agonists cause constriction of forearm resistance and hand capacitance vessels in vivo in humans, suggesting that both ET\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            and ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptors mediate vasoconstriction. Hence, antagonists at both ET\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            and ET\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            receptors, or inhibitors of the generation of endothelin-1, may be necessary to completely prevent vasoconstriction to endogenously generated endothelin-1.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.92.3.357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:34:42Z","timestamp":1339461282000},"page":"357-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["Endothelin ET\n            <sub>A<\/sub>\n            and ET\n            <sub>B<\/sub>\n            Receptors Cause Vasoconstriction of Human Resistance and Capacitance Vessels In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"William G.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Edinburgh (UK), Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona E.","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Edinburgh (UK), Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Edinburgh (UK), Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/332411a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.8.2863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80007-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91806-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)81089-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348732a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davenport AP O\u2019Reilly G Molenaar P Maguire JJ Kuc RE Sharkey A Bacon CR Ferro A. Human endothelin receptors characterised using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in-situ hybridisation and subtype-selective ligands BQ123 and BQ3020: evidence for expression of ETB receptors in human vascular smooth muscle. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;22(suppl 8): S22-S25.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199322008-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)91163-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13879.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.5.1976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13133.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb13385.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90826-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb12840.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90120-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)94164-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(90)90909-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13942.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13938.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199404000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb16172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14780.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199322008-00073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.89.3.8124808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90144-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91601-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92827-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1981.tb00527.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0840427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"H2033","volume":"257","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clarke JG, Benjamin N, Larkin SW, Webb DJ, Davies GJ, Maseri A. Endothelin is a potent long-lasting vasoconstrictor in men. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:H2033-H2035.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"303","volume":"1","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wiinberg N, Walter-Larson S, Eriksen C, Nielsen PE. An evaluation of semi-automatic blood pressure manometers against intra-arterial blood pressure. J Ambulatory Monitoring. 1988;1:303-309.","journal-title":"J Ambulatory Monitoring"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01595.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"468","volume":"83","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kiowski W, L\u00fcscher TF, Linder L, B\u00fchler F. Endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction in humans: reversal by calcium channel blockade but not by nitrovasodilators or endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Circulation. 1991;83:468-475.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"343","volume":"22","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haefeli WE, Linder L, Kiowski W, L\u00fcscher TF. In vivo properties of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in human hand veins and its reversal by bradykinin and verapamil. Hypertension. 1993;22:343. Abstract.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13163.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.23.5.581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.18.3.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb09009.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)46743-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"H959","volume":"266","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gray GA, L\u00f6ffler BM, Clozel M. Characterization of endothelin receptors mediating contraction of rabbit saphenous vein. Am J Physiol. 1994;266:H959-H966.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/365759a0"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T15:49:05Z","timestamp":1715528945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.92.3.357","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-01-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}