{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:05:53Z","timestamp":1791223553632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is a critical component in a variety of pathological settings, including solid tumor growth, macular degeneration, and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>We have found that orally administered spironolactone inhibited the area of angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a rabbit corneal micropocket assay. Additionally, spironolactone inhibited bFGF- and vascular endothelial growth factor\u2013stimulated capillary endothelial cell proliferation in vitro, inhibited bFGF-stimulated capillary endothelial cell chemotaxis in vitro, and caused avascular zones when placed on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Experiments analyzing spironolactone metabolites revealed that the major human metabolites 6\u03b2-hydroxy-7\u03b1-thiomethyl spironolactone and canrenoic acid retained antiangiogenic activity. The antiangiogenic activity appears to be unrelated to the antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid effects of spironolactone.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>These experiments hold promise for the potential use of spironolactone as an orally administered drug for the treatment of many diverse diseases dependent on angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.94.10.2566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:34:42Z","timestamp":1339461282000},"page":"2566-2571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["New Activity of Spironolactone"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Nancy","family":"Klauber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (N.K., F.B., B.A.-A., R.J.D.) and Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center (N.K.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (N.K., F.B., B.A.-A., R.J.D.) and Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center (N.K.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Anand-Apte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (N.K., F.B., B.A.-A., R.J.D.) and Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center (N.K.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"D'Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School (N.K., F.B., B.A.-A., R.J.D.) and Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center (N.K.), Boston, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-1-96"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339058a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"4","volume":"82","year":"1989","unstructured":"Folkman J. 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