{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:16:29Z","timestamp":1790972189615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            We assessed the effects of pacing-induced chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) on sinus node function, intra-atrial conduction, and atrial refractoriness.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            In 15 mongrel dogs (20 to 30 kg), AV nodal block was produced by radiofrequency catheter ablation, and a ventricular-inhibited (VVI) pacemaker (Minix 8330, Medtronic) was implanted and programmed to pace at 80 pulses per minute. In 11 of these dogs, right atrial endocardial pacing leads were connected to a pulse generator (Itrel 7432, Medtronic) and set at a rate of 20 Hz to induce AF. Corrected sinus node recovery time, P-wave duration, 24-hour Holter ECG to assess AF duration, maximal heart rate in response to isoproterenol (10 \u03bcg\/min), intrinsic heart rate after administration of atropine (0.04 mg\/kg) and propranolol (0.1 mg\/kg), and atrial effective refractory periods (ERPs) were obtained at baseline (EPS-1) and after 2 to 6 weeks (EPS-2) of VVI pacing alone (n=4) or VVI pacing and rapid atrial pacing (n=11). At EPS-2, corrected sinus node recovery time and P-wave duration were prolonged, maximal heart rate and intrinsic heart rate were decreased, atrial ERPs were shortened, and the duration of AF was increased significantly compared with EPS-1. These changes partially reversed toward baseline 1 week after conversion to sinus rhythm. Sinus node function and AF inducibility observed in the control dogs that underwent ventricular pacing alone (n=4) did not change.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            Pacing-induced chronic AF induces sinus node dysfunction, prolongs intra-atrial conduction time, shortens atrial refractoriness, and perpetuates AF, changes that reverse gradually after termination of AF.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.94.11.2953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:34:42Z","timestamp":1339461282000},"page":"2953-2960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Pacing-Induced Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Impairs Sinus Node Function in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Arif","family":"Elvan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Zipes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Lammers W Bonke FIM Hollen J. 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Effect of neurotransmitters on the activation sequence of the isolated right atrium. Am J Physiol. 1990;258:H1632-H1641.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.58.1.3943157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.53.5.1260979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"217","volume":"57","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jordan JL, Yamaguchi I, Mandel WJ. Studies on the mechanism of sinus node dysfunction in the sick sinus syndrome. Circulation. 1977;57:217-223.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.64.4.7273383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.63.4.7471352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Benditt DG Sakaguchi C Goldstein MA Lurie KG Gornick CC Adler SW. Sinus node dysfunction: pathophysiology clinical features evaluation and treatment. In: Zipes DP Jalife J eds. 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Philadelphia Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1995:1215-1247."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.13.84"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T15:39:15Z","timestamp":1715528355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2953"}},"subtitle":["Electrophysiological Remodeling"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.94.11.2953","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-01-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-07-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}