{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T17:45:08Z","timestamp":1751823908098},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered to be maintained by multiple reentrant circuits without or with a very short excitable gap. However, the possibility of local atrial capture has been shown recently in experimental AF or induced AF in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of atrial capture\u2014suggestive of an excitable gap\u2014in spontaneous chronic AF. Decremental pacing was performed in 47 right atrial sites in 14 patients with chronic AF, not taking antiarrhythmic drugs. A Franz catheter (for pacing and monophasic action potential recording) and a recording quadripolar catheter positioned about 10 mm apart were used. Local capture was achieved in 41 (87.2%) sites for a total of 100 captures. In 71 episodes the capture was lost within 15 seconds, while in the remaining 29, pacing was stopped after 15 seconds of stable capture. The AF types immediately before capture were type 1 in 83 and type 2 in 17 episodes. Type 3 AF was never captured. Pacing cycle at capture was 175.7\u00b120.9 ms. The baseline atrial interval (FF) was 185.4\u00b124.5, significantly longer than the FF recorded during pacing immediately before capture (176.0\u00b119.8 ms) (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.02).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            During spontaneous chronic AF in humans, (1) local capture by atrial pacing is possible up to at least 15 mm from the pacing site, (2) regional entrainment is possible during type 1 and type 2 AF but not type 3 AF, and (3) pacing before capture accelerates AF, probably by transient or local capture. These findings suggest that an excitable gap is present in chronic AF, therefore supporting the hypothesis that leading circle reentry is not the unique electrophysiological mechanism maintaining the arrhythmia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.95.10.2416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1339461662000},"page":"2416-2422","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Local Capture by Atrial Pacing in Spontaneous Chronic Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Pandozi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Bianconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Altamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna P.","family":"Jesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gentilucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Ammirati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Lo","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Cardiac Diseases, San Filippo Neri Hospital, and Arrhythmia Control Unit (M.V.), I Clinica Medica La Sapienza Univerisity, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","first-page":"183","volume":"140","year":"1962","unstructured":"Moe GK. On the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1962;140:183-188.","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Lammers WJEP Bonke FIM Hollen J. Experimental evaluation of Moe's multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In: Zipes DP Jalife J eds. Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias. Orlando Fla: Grune & Stratton; 1985:265-275."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Lammers WJEP Rensma PL Bonke FIM. Flutter and fibrillation in experimental modes: what has been learned that can be applied to humans. In: Brugada P Wellens HJJ eds. Cardiac Arrhythmias: Where to Go From Here. Armonk NY: Futura Publishing Co Inc; 1987:67-82."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.84.4.1914108"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Kirchhof C Wijffels M Allessie M. Pace termination of atrial fibrillation. In: Olsson SB Allessie MA Campbell RW eds. 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In: Olsson SB Allessie MA Campbell RW eds. Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Armonk NY: Futura Publishing Co Inc; 1994:211-223."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.90.4.7522990"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Konings Kirchhof C. Mapping of atrial fibrillation. In: Olsson SB Allessie MA Campbell RW eds. Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Armonk NY: Futura Publishing Co Inc; 1994:37-49."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.41.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Shah DC Haissaguerre M Jais P Lavergne T Hocini M Gencel L Garrigue S Clementy J. Chronic atrial fibrillation: the relevance of organised atrial activity. 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Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00068-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.92.7.1839"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.10.2416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T16:08:52Z","timestamp":1715530132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.10.2416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.95.10.2416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.95.10.2416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-12-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-05-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}