{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:34:19Z","timestamp":1792226059010,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            Project HeartBeat! is a longitudinal study of the development of cardiovascular risk factors as growth processes. Patterns of serial change, or trajectories, from ages 8 to 18 years for plasma total cholesterol concentration (TC) and percent body fat illustrate the design and synthetic cohort approach of the study.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            Six hundred seventy-eight children (49.1% female, 20.1% black) entered the study at ages 8, 11, and 14 years and were followed up with examinations every 4 months for \u22644 years. Multilevel analysis demonstrated trajectories for population mean values of TC and percent body fat in sex-specific synthetic cohorts from ages 8 to 18 years. Polyphasic patterns of change in TC were confirmed, with notable sex differences in age patterns and with minimum mean values of TC of 3.85 mmol\/L for females and 3.59 for males. As illustrated by data for males, the approximate 75th percentile values of mean TC ranged from 4.78 mmol\/L at its early peak to 4.06 at its late-teen nadir. Percent body fat exhibited a trajectory closely parallel with that for TC only for males and appeared to be unrelated for females.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            The polyphasic trajectory for TC from ages 8 to 18 years differs between females and males, indicates marked age variation in 75th percentile values and, in males only, closely parallels the trajectory for percent body fat. These and other results indicate the value of both follow-up every 4 months across age intervals to detect rapid risk factor change and the synthetic cohort approach for gaining new insights into the dynamics and possible determinants of this change from ages 8 to 18 years.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.95.12.2636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1339461662000},"page":"2636-2642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Development of Cardiovascular Risk Factors From Ages 8 to 18 in Project HeartBeat!"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Darwin R.","family":"Labarthe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas\u2013Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton Z.","family":"Nichaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas\u2013Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald B.","family":"Harrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas\u2013Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo Anne","family":"Grunbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas\u2013Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas\u2013Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.12.050191.002511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Berenson GS. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: The Early Natural History of Atherosclerosis and Essential Hypertension. New York NY: Oxford University Press; 1980."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199202000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahoney LT Lauer RM Lee J Clarke WR. Factors affecting tracking of coronary heart disease risk factors in children. In: Williams CL Wynder EL eds. Hyperlipidemia in Childhood and the Development of Atherosclerosis. New York NY: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; 1991.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb43723.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Srinivasan SR. Biologic determinants (or correlates) of serum lipoproteins in children. In: Berenson GS ed. Causation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children. 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Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(suppl):S49. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"National Cholesterol Education Program: Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. Washington DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1991. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication NIH 91-2732."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Cameron N. The methods of auxological anthropometry. In: Falkner F Tanner JM eds. Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise. New York NY: Plenum Press; 1986."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.3.435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Grunbaum JA Labarthe DR Ayars C Harrist R Nichaman MZ. Recruitment and enrollment for Project HeartBeat!: achieving the goals of minority inclusion. Ethn Dis. In press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Goldstein H. Multilevel Statistical Models. 2nd ed. London UK: Edward Arnold; 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Harrist RB Kimball KT. Multilevel analysis for a mixed longitudinal design. In: Hauspie R Lindgren G Falkner F eds. Essays in Auxology. Welwyn Garden City UK: Castlemead Publications; 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Rabash J Woodhouse G. MLn Command Reference Version 1.0. London UK: Multilevel Models Project Institute of Education University of London; 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1994.10476093","volume":"48","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kreft IGG, de Leeuw J, van der Leeden R. Review of five multilevel analysis programs: BMDP-5V, GENMOD, HLM, ML3, VARCL. Am Statistician. 1994;48:324-335.","journal-title":"Am Statistician"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Tanner JM. Foetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity. 2nd ed. Ware UK: Castlemead Publications; 1989."}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.12.2636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T16:39:06Z","timestamp":1715531946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.12.2636"}},"subtitle":["Study Design and Patterns of Change in Plasma Total Cholesterol Concentration"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.95.12.2636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.95.12.2636","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}