{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:35:37Z","timestamp":1791012937050,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is thought to be due to multiple, simultaneously circulating wavelets. In the canine sterile pericarditis model, the mechanisms of maintenance of AF are not yet understood.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    During six induced AF episodes in six dogs with sterile pericarditis, 372 unipolar electrograms were recorded simultaneously from an electrode array placed around both atrial free walls, along with 10 to 24 electrodes from the atrial septum, by use of a multiplexing system. Activation maps during 12 consecutive 100-ms windows were analyzed from an episode of sustained AF in each dog (mean duration, 32\u00b124 minutes). In two dogs, two such activation maps during the same episode of AF were analyzed. During AF, multiple unstable reentrant circuits (mean number, 1.4\u00b10.1 per 100-ms analysis window) with very short cycle lengths (mean, 111\u00b18 ms) present primarily in the atrial septum and right atrium were responsible for maintenance of AF. The unstable reentrant circuits frequently disappeared and re-formed. Wave fronts traveling from one atrium to the other and\/or from the atrial septum play an important role in re-formation of unstable reentrant wave fronts.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    In this model of paroxysmal AF, unstable reentrant circuits of very short cycle length principally involving the atrial septum appear to be critical for maintenance of AF. Some reentrant circuits disappear as others re-form, so that at least one reentrant circuit is always present. Because the atria cannot follow their very short cycle lengths in a 1:1 manner, AF is maintained.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.95.2.511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T20:41:02Z","timestamp":1339447262000},"page":"511-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Simultaneous Multisite Mapping Studies During Induced Atrial Fibrillation in the Sterile Pericarditis Model"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeen","family":"Khrestian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert L.","family":"Waldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","unstructured":"Waldo AL. Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation atrial flutter and ectopic atrial tachycardia: a brief review. Circulation. 1987;75(suppl III):III-23-III-40."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"183","volume":"140","year":"1962","unstructured":"Moe GK. On the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1962;140:183-188.","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(64)90371-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Lammers WJEP Smeets JRLM Bonke FIM Hollen J. Total mapping of atrial excitation during acetylcholine-induced atrial flutter and fibrillation in the isolated canine heart. In: Kulbertus HE Olsson SB Schlepper M eds. Atrial Fibrillation. Molndal Sweden: Lindgren and Soner; 1982:44-62."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Lammers WJEP Bonke FIM Hollen J. Experimental evaluation of Moe's multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In: Zipes DP Jalife J eds. Cardiac Arrhythmias. New York NY: Grune & Stratton; 1985:265-276."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36723-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.71.2.1628386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.74.5.882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80429-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90793-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90283-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.86.2.1638727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.87.2.8425286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1978.tb03504.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.1.250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.2.736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.92.7.1954"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-64-15754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Goto M Sakamoto Y Imanaga I. Aconitine-induced fibrillation of the different muscle tissues of the heart and the action of acetylcholine. In: Sano T Matsuda K Mizuhira B eds. Electrophysiology and Ultrastructure of the Heart. New York NY: Grune & Stratton; 1967:199-209."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"470","volume":"5","year":"1969","unstructured":"Azuma K, Iwane H, Ibukiyama C, Watabe Y, Shin-Mura H, Iwaoka M. Experimental studies on aconitine-induced atrial fibrillation with microelectrodes. Isr J Med Sci. 1969;5:470-474.","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.71.5.1394883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.54.2.1084810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1989.tb01898.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Waldo AL Cooper TB. Spontaneous onset of type I atrial flutter in patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. In press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36684-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"276A","volume":"23","year":"1994","unstructured":"Avitall B, Hare J, Mughal K, Silverstein E, Krum D, Natale A, Deshpande S, Dhala A, Akhtar M. Ablation of atrial fibrillation in a dog model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:276A. Abstract.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kempler P Littmann L Chuang CH Dezern KR Tuntelder JR Wu G Tatsis GP Svenson RH. Radiofrequency ablation of the right atrium: acute and chronic effects. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994;17(pt 2):797. Abstract.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01481.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Elvan A Pride HP Zipes DP. Replication of the \u2018maze\u2019 procedure by radiofrequency catheter ablation reduces the ability to induce atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994;17(pt 2):774. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Swartz JF Pellersels G Silvers J Patten L Cervantez D. A catheter-based curative approach to atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation. 1994;90(pt 2):I-335. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumagai K Uno K Khrestian C Waldo AL. Single site radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27(suppl A):4A. Abstract.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)80208-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"Nakagawa H Kumagai K Imai S Yamanashi W Pitha J Uno K McClelland J Beckman K Arruda M Lazzara R Waldo AL Jackman W. Catheter ablation of the Bachmann's bundle from the right atrium eliminates atrial fibrillation in a canine sterile pericarditis model. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1996;19(pt 2):581. Abstract."}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T12:30:40Z","timestamp":1715517040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.511"}},"subtitle":["Insights Into the Mechanism of its Maintenance"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.95.2.511","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-08-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-01-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}