{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:33:48Z","timestamp":1791225228217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    Atrial fibrillation is usually thought to be due to multiple circulating reentrant wavelets. From previous studies, a focal mechanism is considered to be very unlikely. In this report, focal atrial fibrillation is defined on an ECG pattern of atrial fibrillation and later demonstrated to be due to a focal source.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    Nine patients (five men and four women; age, 38\u00b17 years) with paroxysmal focal atrial fibrillation are reported here. All were free of structural heart disease and had frequent episodes of atrial fibrillation despite the use of a mean of 4\u00b12 antiarrhythmic drugs. Atrial fibrillation was associated with runs of irregular atrial tachycardia or monomorphic extrasystoles. The electrophysiological study demonstrated that all the atrial arrhythmias were due to the same focus firing irregularly and exhibiting a consistent and centrifugal pattern of activation. Three foci were found to be located in the right atrium, two near the sinus node and one in the ostium of the coronary sinus. Six others were located in the left atrium at the ostium of the right pulmonary veins (n=5) and at the ostium of the left superior pulmonary vein (n=1). All atrial arrhythmias were successfully treated by use of a mean of 4\u00b14 radiofrequency pulses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    In some patients, the surface ECG pattern of atrial fibrillation is due to a focal rapidly firing source of activity that can be eliminated by discrete radiofrequency energy applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.95.3.572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T20:41:02Z","timestamp":1339447262000},"page":"572-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":792,"title":["A Focal Source of Atrial Fibrillation Treated by Discrete Radiofrequency Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Jai\u00a8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Hai\u00a8ssaguerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipen C.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salah","family":"Chouairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gencel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Me\u00b4le`ze","family":"Hocini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Cle\u00b4menty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Ho\u02c6pital Cardiologique du Haut-Le\u00b4ve\u02c6que, Bordeaux-Pessac, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","first-page":"183","volume":"140","year":"1962","unstructured":"Moe GK. On the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. Arch Int Phamacodyn Ther. 1962;140:183-188.","journal-title":"Arch Int Phamacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(64)90371-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Allessie MA Rensma PL Brugada J Smeets JLRM Penn O Kirchhof CJHJ. Pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. In: Zipes DP Jalife J eds. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990:548-558."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36685-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90881-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosakai Y Kawaguchi AT Isobe F Sasako Y Nakano K Eishi K Kito Y Kawashima Y. Modified maze procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing simultaneous open heart surgery. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl II):II-359-II-364.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.359"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Swartz JF Pellersels G Silvers J Patten L Cervantez D. A catheter-based curative approach to atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation. 1994;90(pt 2):I-335. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01146.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Jai\u00a8s P Hai\u00a8ssaguerre M Gencel L Pradeau V Marcus FI Cle\u00b4menty J. Incidence of common atrial flutter following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the right atrium. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-266. Abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.91.8.2235"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.71.5.1394883"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36723-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-64-15754"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jai\u00a8s P Hai\u00a8ssaguerre M Shah DC Chouairi S Cle\u00b4menty J. Regional disparities of endocardial atrial activation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1996;19(part II):1998-2003.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03269.x"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.3.572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1715516930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.95.3.572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.95.3.572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.95.3.572","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-10-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-02-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}