{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:15:23Z","timestamp":1790835323591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            Pacemakers and theophylline are currently being used to relieve symptoms in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS). However, the impact of either therapy on the natural course of the disease is unknown. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to prospectively assess the effects of pacemakers and theophylline in patients with SSS.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            One hundred seven patients with symptomatic SSS (age, 73\u00b111 years) were randomized to no treatment (control group, n=35), oral theophylline (n=36), or dual-chamber rate-responsive pacemaker therapy (n=36). They were followed for up to 48 months (mean, 19\u00b114 months). During follow-up, the occurrence of syncope was lower in the pacemaker group than in the control group (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.02) and tended to be lower than in the theophylline group (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.07). Heart failure occurred less often in patients assigned to pacemaker therapy and theophylline than in control patients (both,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.05), whereas the incidence of sustained paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias, permanent atrial fibrillation, and thromboembolic events did not show any apparent difference among the three groups. Heart rate was higher in the theophylline group than in the control group. Both pacemaker therapy and theophylline improved symptom scores after 3 months of treatment; however, a similar improvement was observed in the control group.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            In patients with symptomatic SSS, therapy with theophylline or dual-chamber pacemaker is associated with a lower incidence of heart failure; pacemaker therapy is also associated with a lower incidence of syncope. The therapeutic benefits of pacemakers and theophylline on symptoms are partly a result of spontaneous improvement of the disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.96.1.260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1339461662000},"page":"260-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Effects of Permanent Pacemaker and Oral Theophylline in Sick Sinus Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Alboni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Brignole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germano","family":"Gaggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gino","family":"Lolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Cappato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Cento (P.A., N.P., R.C.); the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale S Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (C.M., G.L.); and the Section of Arrhythmology, Department of Cardiology, Ospedali Riuniti, Lavagna (M.B., G.G.), Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-1-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1988.tb06277.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6208.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.5.583"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80339-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90578-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"202","volume":"110","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ellenbogen KA, Szentpetery S, Katz MR. Reversibility of prolonged chronotropic dysfunction with theophylline following orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Am Heart J. 1988;110:202-206.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90578-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90246-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90427-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90491-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/4.2.160"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.65.6.7074781"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(84)80076-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90983-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Fleiss JL. Analysis of covariance and the study of change. In: The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments. New York NY: Wiley; 1986:186-219."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"BMDP Statistical Software Release 7.0. 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"Little RJA Rubin DB. Statistical Analysis With Missing Data. New York NY: Wiley; 1986."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"SPSS for Windows Release 5.02. 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1985.tb05904.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90057-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90244-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91379-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90616-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.91.4.1063"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90347-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","first-page":"1055","volume":"15","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Jaeger FJ, Trohman RG, Maloney JD. Incidence and predictors of syncope in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992;15:1055-1060.","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.88.3.8353866"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90860-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304153281504"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1979.tb13486.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00510253"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.68.6.6640877"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91012-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.6.1361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.37.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"903","volume":"65","year":"1978","unstructured":"Matthay RA, Berger HJ, Loke J, Gottschalk A, Zaret BL. Effects of aminophylline upon right and left ventricular performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Cardiol. 1978;65:903-910.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91449-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","unstructured":"Rall TW. The methylxanthines. In: Gilman AG Goodman LS eds. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York NY: McMillan Publishing Co; 1985:589."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","first-page":"266","volume":"72","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cowely AJ, Skene AM. Treatment of severe heart failure: quantity or quality of life? A trial of enoximone. Br Heart J. 1989;72:266-230.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T16:13:29Z","timestamp":1715530409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.260"}},"subtitle":["The THEOPACE Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.96.1.260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}