{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:45:25Z","timestamp":1791290725359,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            This study was performed to determine whether antibodies against the amino-terminus of the \u03b2-chain of fibrin (anti-\u03b2) could noninvasively distinguish actively enlarging thrombi from thrombi stabilized with anticoagulants.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            Dogs with unilateral femoral vein thrombi were allocated into three groups: (1) no anticoagulation, (2) intravenous heparin maintained in the \u201ctherapeutic\u201d range (0.2 to 0.5 U\/mL plasma), and (3) \u201cexcess\u201d heparin, maintained at &gt;1.0 U\/mL plasma. Thrombolysis was suppressed with tranexamic acid.\n            <jats:sup>111<\/jats:sup>\n            In-labeled anti-\u03b2 was infused, and gamma scans of the legs were performed at regular intervals for 24 hours. Scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion. In addition, for each scan, the number of gamma counts from the femoral area on the thrombosed side was compared with the contralateral side. Clot\/blood isotope density was determined postmortem. Leg thrombi in the no-anticoagulation group were 100% detectable, mean (\u00b1SD) relative count in the thrombosed femoral area was 186% (\u00b130%) of the contralateral side, and clot\/blood ratio was 14.7 (\u00b12.0). Thrombi in the therapeutic heparin group were only 75% detectable, relative counts in the thrombosed femoral areas decreased to 125% (\u00b120%), and clot\/blood ratio declined to 11.3 (\u00b13.5). In the \u201cexcess heparin\u201d group, leg thrombi were only 50% detectable, the thrombosed femoral area had relative counts of 118%\u00b117%, and the clot\/blood ratio fell to 7.8\u00b11.9.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            Radiolabeled anti-\u03b2 noninvasively distinguishes propagating thrombi from those stabilized by anticoagulants. They may be useful for detecting thrombosis clinically as well as for monitoring the efficacy of anticoagulation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.96.9.3173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1339461662000},"page":"3173-3179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antibodies Against the Fibrin \u03b2-Chain Amino-Terminus Detect Active Canine Venous Thrombi"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Konopka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Chiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Fagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of California School of Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, UCSD Medical Center, and Hybritech Inc (R.F., M.H.), San Diego, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(75)80017-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6648524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"89","volume":"21","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kudryk B, Rohoza A, Ahadi M, Chin J, Wiebe ME. Specificity of a monoclonal antibody for the NH2-terminal region of fibrin. Mol Immunol. 1992;21:89-94.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1212","volume":"29","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rosebrough SF, Grossman ZD, McAfee JG, Kudryk BJ, Subramanian G, Ritter-Hrncirik CA, Witanowski LS, Yillapaugh-Fay G, Urritia E, Zapf-Longo C. Thrombus imaging with indium-111 and iodine-131-labeled fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody and its F(ab\u2032)2 and Fab fragments. J Nucl Med. 1988;29:1212-1222.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.1.2781002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.2.3797675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.85.1.1728460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1048","volume":"31","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rosebrough SF, McAfee JG, Grossman ZD, Kudryk BJ, Ritter-Hrncirik CA, Witanowski LS, Maley BL, Bertrand EA, Gagne GM. Thrombus imaging: a comparison of radiolabeled GC4 and T2G1s fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies. J Nucl Med. 1990;31:1048-1054.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"494","volume":"29","year":"1988","unstructured":"Knight LC, Maurer AH, Ammar IA, Shealy DJ, Mattis JA. Evaluation of indium-111-labeled anti-fibrin antibody for imaging vascular thrombi. J Nucl Med.. 1988;29:494-502.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.175.1.2315506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Alavi A Gupta N Palevsky HI Kelly MA Jatlow AD Byar AA Berger HJ. Detection of thrombophlebitis with In-111-labeled anti-fibrin antibody: preliminary results. Cancer Res. 1990;50(suppl):958s-961s."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.2.2678259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978904000710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"A998","volume":"147","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morris TA, Marsh JJ, Moser KM. Anti-fibrin antibodies bind monomeric, but not polymerized fibrin. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147:A998. Abstract.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7209542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00215a024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Hantgan RR Francis CW Scheraga HA Marder VJ. Fibrinogen structure and function. In: Colman RW Hirsh J Marder VJ Salzman EW eds. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. Philadelphia Pa: JB Lippincott Co; 1919:269-283."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"8","volume":"116","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mosesson MW. Fibrin polymerization and its regulatory role in hemostasis. J Lab Clin Med. 1990;116:8-17.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.90.6.7994858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"1051","volume":"21","year":"1980","unstructured":"Moser KM, Spragg RG, Bender F, Konopka R, Hartman MT, Fedullo P. Study of factors that may condition scintigraphic detection of venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli with indium-111-labeled platelets. J Nucl Med. 1980;21:1051-1058.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"1181","volume":"33","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hirano T, Tomiyoshi K, Watanabe N, Tateno M, Oriuch N, Inoue T, Endo K. Technetium-99 m-labeled anti-fibrin monoclonal antibody accumulation in an inflammatory focus. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1181-1182.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"785","volume":"111","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gawoski JM, Arkin CF, Bovill T, Brandt J, Rock WA, Triplett DA. The effects of heparin on the activated partial thromboplastin time of the College of American Pathologists Survey of Specimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987;111:785-790.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Simmons A. Technical Hematology. Philadelphia Pa: JB Lippincott Co; 1980:291-322."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/60.3.323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.66.3.7094273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93285-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506223322510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb04700.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"543","volume":"1","year":"1991","unstructured":"Morgenstern A, Ruf A, Patscheke H. Ultrastructure of the interaction between human platelets and polymerizing fibrin within the first minutes of clot formation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1991;1:543-546.","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.1.1.1"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.96.9.3173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T16:46:07Z","timestamp":1715532367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.96.9.3173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.96.9.3173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.96.9.3173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-06-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}