{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:54:23Z","timestamp":1792058063648,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Heart failure is a highly prevalent disorder that continues to be associated with repeated hospitalizations, high morbidity, and high mortality. Sleep-related breathing disorders with repetitive episodes of asphyxia may adversely affect heart function. The main aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, consequences, and differences in various sleep-related breathing disorders in ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014This article reports the results of a prospective study of 81 of 92 eligible patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;45%. There were 40 patients without (hourly rate of apnea\/hypopnea, 4\u00b14; group 1) and 41 patients with (51% of all patients; hourly rate of apnea\/hypopnea, 44\u00b119; group 2) sleep apnea. Sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation were significantly more severe and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (22% versus 5%) and ventricular arrhythmias were greater in group 2 than in group 1. Forty percent of all patients had central sleep apnea, and 11% had obstructive sleep apnea. The latter patients had significantly greater mean body weight (112\u00b130 versus 75\u00b116 kg) and prevalence of habitual snoring (78% versus 28%). However, the hourly rate of episodes of apnea and hypopnea (36\u00b110 versus 47\u00b121), episodes of arousal (20\u00b114 versus 23\u00b111), and desaturation (lowest saturation, 72\u00b111% versus 78\u00b112%) were similar in patients with these different types of apnea.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Fifty-one percent of male patients with stable heart failure suffer from sleep-related breathing disorders: 40% from central and 11% from obstructive sleep apnea. Both obstructive and central types of sleep apnea result in sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Patients with sleep apnea have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.97.21.2154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T20:41:02Z","timestamp":1339447262000},"page":"2154-2159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":883,"title":["Sleep Apnea in 81 Ambulatory Male Patients With Stable Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Javaheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Liming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. S.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Roselle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608153350707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"77","volume":"123","year":"1995","unstructured":"Javaheri S, Parker TJ, Wexler L, Michaels SE, Stanberry E, Nishyama H, Roselle GA. Occult sleep-disordered breathing in stable congestive heart failure [published erratum appears in Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:77]. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:487\u2013492.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"S229","volume":"19","year":"1996","unstructured":"Javaheri S. Central sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in heart failure: prevalence, impact and treatment. 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