{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:40:51Z","timestamp":1761561651192},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia after open heart surgery. Traditional treatment with a range of antiarrhythmic drugs and electrical cardioversion is associated with considerable side effects. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of low-energy atrial defibrillation with temporary epicardial defibrillation wire electrodes.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Epicardial defibrillation wire electrodes were placed at the left and right atria during open heart surgery in 100 consecutive patients (age 65\u00b19 years; male to female ratio 67:23). Electrophysiological studies performed postoperatively revealed a test shock (0.3 J) impedance of 96\u00b112 \u03a9 (monophasic) and 97\u00b113 \u03a9 (biphasic). During their hospital stay, AF occurred in 23 patients (23%) at 2.1\u00b11.3 days postoperatively. Internal atrial defibrillation was performed in 20 patients. Of these patients, 80% (16\/20) were successfully cardioverted with a mean energy of 5.2\u00b13 J. Early recurrence of AF (\u226460 seconds after defibrillation) developed in 8 patients. Five patients had multiple episodes of AF. In total, 35 episodes of AF were treated, with an 88% success rate. Only 6 patients (30%) required sedation. No complications were observed with shock application or with lead extraction.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Atrial defibrillation with temporary epicardial wire electrodes can be performed safely and effectively in patients after cardiac operations. The shock energy required to restore sinus rhythm is low. Thus, patients can be cardioverted without anesthesia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.98.9.883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1339461662000},"page":"883-886","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Low-Energy Cardioversion With Epicardial Wire Electrodes: New Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Open Heart Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Liebold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Wahba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich E.","family":"Birnbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","unstructured":"Andrews TC Reimold SC Berlin JA Antman EM. 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