{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:23:10Z","timestamp":1791116590065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Chronic\n            <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            infections could be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD), possibly by increasing fibrinogen levels. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in fibrinogen level in patients with IHD and\n            <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            and\/or\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            positivity randomly assigned to antibiotic treatment.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Eighty-four patients with chronic IHD,\n            <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            and\/or\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            antibodies, and normal acute-phase reactants were randomly assigned to treatment or no treatment. Treatment consisted of omeprazole, clarithromycin, and tinidazole in\n            <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2013positive patients and clarithromycin alone in\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2013positive patients. The effect of treatment and other baseline variables on fibrinogen levels, determined at 6 months, was evaluated by multivariate analysis. Treatment significantly reduced fibrinogen level at 6 months in the overall study population and in the groups of patients divided according to\n            <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>C pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            positivity. In the 43 treated patients, mean (\u00b1SD) basal fibrinogen was 3.65\u00b10.58 g\/L, and mean final fibrinogen was 3.09\u00b10.52 g\/dL (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001), whereas in the 41 untreated patients, mean basal and final fibrinogen levels were 3.45\u00b10.70 and 3.61\u00b10.71 g\/L, respectively. The largest decrease was observed in patients with both infections. Fibrinogen changes were also significantly and negatively correlated with age.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Our data suggest that a short, safe, and effective course of antibiotic therapy might be suggested as a means of interacting with an \u201cemerging\u201d risk factor.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.99.12.1555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:42:29Z","timestamp":1339461749000},"page":"1555-1559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Treatment of\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>\n            Infections Decreases Fibrinogen Plasma Level in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Torgano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cosentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Mandelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Perondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bertinieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tu","family":"Van Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Ceriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. T., G.C.), Institute of Respiratory Disease (F.B., P.T., C.A.), Institute of Hygiene (M.L.R.), and Hemodynamic Unit (R.P.), Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Tarsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Emergency Department (G.T., R.C., C.M., G.V., T. V. 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