{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:13:22Z","timestamp":1783566802211,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014We examined the hypothesis that retardation of apical filling as measured by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography in the diseased left ventricle (LV) reflects a decrease in the intraventricular mitral-to-apical pressure gradient.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014In 9 open-chest anesthetized dogs, micromanometers were placed near the mitral tip and in the apical region. From the color M-mode Doppler images, the time delay (TD) between peak velocity at the mitral tip and the apical region was determined as an index of LV flow propagation. Acute ischemic LV failure was induced by coronary microembolization. Induction of ischemia caused a marked increase in LV end-diastolic pressure and a decrease in LV ejection fraction. The time constant of LV isovolumic apical pressure decay (\u03c4) increased from 31\u00b18 to 49\u00b116 ms (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001). The peak early diastolic mitral-to-apical pressure gradient (\u0394PLV\n            <jats:sub>mitral-apex<\/jats:sub>\n            ) decreased from 1.9\u00b10.9 to 0.7\u00b10.5 mm Hg (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.01), and TD increased from 5\u00b13 to 57\u00b126 ms (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001). The slowing of flow propagation was limited to the apical portion of the LV cavity. The TD correlated with \u0394PLV\n            <jats:sub>mitral-apex<\/jats:sub>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            =\u22120.94,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.01) and with \u03c4 (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.92,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.01). Before ischemia, the mitral-to-apical flow propagation velocity far exceeded the velocity of the individual blood cells, whereas during ischemia, flow propagation velocity approximated the blood velocity.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Retardation of apical filling in acute ischemic failure was attributed to a decrease in the mitral-to-apical driving pressure, reflecting slowing of LV relaxation. The slowing of flow propagation appeared to represent a shift in apical filling from a pattern of column motion to a pattern dominated by convection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.99.15.2048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:42:29Z","timestamp":1339461749000},"page":"2048-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Mechanisms of Retarded Apical Filling in Acute Ischemic Left Ventricular Failure"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Kjetil","family":"Steine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, and Medical Department, Aker University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Stugaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, and Medical Department, Aker University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto A.","family":"Smiseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, and Medical Department, Aker University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90112-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.88.6.8252682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"663","volume":"20","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stugaard M, Ris\u00f8e C, Ihlen H, Smiseth OA. 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Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H550\u2013H557.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2891191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02820867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.271.4.H1267"}],"container-title":["Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.2048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T16:39:25Z","timestamp":1715531965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.2048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.2048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.99.15.2048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7322","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-12-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-04-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}