{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:58:10Z","timestamp":1785869890324,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is thought to serve as a final common pathway for the integration of central cardiovascular information and to be important for the mediation of central pressor responses. An association between essential hypertension and neurovascular compression of the RVLM has been reported. To confirm this relationship and to quantitatively measure the distances between the RVLM and the neighboring arteries, we performed magnetic resonance imaging using a high-resolution 512\u00d7512 matrix and magnetic resonance angiography in 49 subjects (21 patients with essential hypertension, 10 patients with secondary hypertension, and 18 normotensive subjects). One patient with essential hypertension was excluded from the evaluations because of inadequate assessment due to poor images. Neurovascular compression of the RVLM was observed in 15 of 20 (75%) patients with essential hypertension. In contrast, neurovascular compression was observed in only 1 of 10 (10%) patients with secondary hypertension and only 2 of 18 (11%) normotensive subjects. The rate of observed neurovascular compression in the essential hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the secondary hypertension group and the normotensive group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01 for both). The distances between the RVLM and the nearest arteries in the essential hypertension group were significantly shorter than those in the other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05 for all). On the other hand, the distances between the surface of the medulla oblongata and the nearest arteries did not differ among these three groups. These results suggest that neurovascular compression of the RVLM, but not of the other regions of the medulla oblongata, is particularly related to essential hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.30.1.77","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:53:46Z","timestamp":1339462426000},"page":"77-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Neurovascular Compression of the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Related to Essential Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuyoshi","family":"Kawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Naruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoho","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Second Department of Medicine (S. Morimoto, S.S., S. Miki, T.K., H.I., T.N., K.T., M.N.) and Department of Radiology (O.K., S.F., S.N., T.M.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.50.030188.002455"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(86)90005-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-02-00474.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"150","volume":"279","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kubo T, Nagura J, Kihara M, Misu Y. Cardiovascular effects of L-glutamate and Y-aminobutyric acid injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1986;279:150-161.","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1994.267.4.H1549"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21872-9","volume":"226","year":"1983","unstructured":"Willette RN, Krieger AJ, Barcas PP, Sapru HN. Medullary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and the regulation of blood pressure in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1983;226:893-899.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197803000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198006000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198503000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198508000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.31.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593324"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"834","volume":"30","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kleineberg B, Becker H, Gaab MR, Naraghi R. Essential hypertension associated with neurovascular compression: angiographic findings. Neurosurgery. 1992;30:834-841.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.1.0103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90289-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"401","volume":"16","year":"1995","unstructured":"Akimura T, Furutani Y, Jimi Y, Saito K, Kashiwagi S, Kato S, Ito H. Essential hypertension and neurovascular compression at the ventrolateral medulla oblongata: MR evaluation. Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16:401-405.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.55.4.613"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"392","volume":"71","year":"1993","unstructured":"1993 guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: memorandum from a WHO\/ISH meeting. Bull World Health Organ. 1993;71:392-403.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00582309"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0031531"}],"container-title":["Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.HYP.30.1.77","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T22:11:38Z","timestamp":1743372698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.HYP.30.1.77"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.HYP.30.1.77"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.hyp.30.1.77","relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-911X","1524-4563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-911X","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-12-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}