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A maximal blood pressure reduction was observed in rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery compared with control rats receiving Ad.CMV-LacZ (160\u00b15 versus 186\u00b17 mm Hg, n=6,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.01). The expression of human tissue kallikrein mRNA was identified in the kidney, heart, aorta, and liver of rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery. Immunoreactive human kallikrein levels were measured in rat serum and urine in a time-dependent manner. Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery caused a significant reduction in the left ventricular mass and cardiomyocyte size, as well as an increase in renal blood flow, urine flow, glomerular filtration rates, electrolyte output, and urine excretion. Enhanced renal responses were accompanied by significant increases in urinary kinin, nitrite\/nitrate, and cyclic GMP levels. These findings show that the expression of human tissue kallikrein via gene delivery has protective effects against renovascular hypertension and cardiovascular and renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.31.5.1104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:53:46Z","timestamp":1339462426000},"page":"1104-1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Kallikrein Gene Delivery Attenuates Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy and Enhances Renal Function in Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Yayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-4-393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)00058-4","volume":"44","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bhoola KD, Figueroa CD, Worthy K. 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