{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:04:22Z","timestamp":1792641862537,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholinergic agonists and vagal stimulation potentiate the inducibility of atrial fibrillation. To describe the activation patterns and determine the mechanisms that sustain cholinergic fibrillation, tachyarrhythmias were induced with a single extrastimulus in the isolated Krebs-Henseleit-perfused canine right atrium (n = 11) at increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (from 10(-7.5) to 10(-4.5) M). Bipolar electrograms were recorded from 250 epicardial sites simultaneously during control conditions and during extrastimulation (S1S1, 300 msec; S1S2, effective refractory period+5 msec) with and without acetylcholine. Activation sequence maps were constructed from each recording. Without acetylcholine, no tachyarrhythmias were induced. With increasing concentrations of acetylcholine, the refractory period decreased, and nonsustained (&lt; 2 seconds) rapid repetitive responses were induced. At higher concentrations, a sustained (&gt; 2-minute) fibrillation was induced. Activation sequence maps revealed that the rapid repetitive responses were characterized by multiple reentrant circuits. The number of circuits and wavelets increased in a dose-dependent fashion. However, unexpectedly, this trend did not continue when the tachyarrhythmia became sustained. Instead, the reentry tended to stabilize to a small, single, relatively stable reentrant circuit. In conclusion, the data suggest that, in this model, below a critical level of refractory period (&lt; 95 msec) atrial reentrant circuits, unassociated with anatomic obstacles, can become stable and dominate activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.71.5.1254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]],"date-time":"2012-06-11T20:47:05Z","timestamp":1339447625000},"page":"1254-1267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Cholinergically mediated tachyarrhythmias induced by a single extrastimulus in the isolated canine right atrium."],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"R B","family":"Schuessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B I","family":"Bromberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J P","family":"Boineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","container-title":["Circulation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1161\/01.RES.71.5.1254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T16:59:44Z","timestamp":1715533184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.RES.71.5.1254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.RES.71.5.1254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.71.5.1254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7330","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1992-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}