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A laser scanner system recorded V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>-sensitive fluorescence at 63 spots in an 8\u00d78-mm region around the electrode. Cathodal stimulation in the refractory period produced regions of \u2212\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>1 to 5 mm away from the electrode on an axis oriented parallel to the fast propagation axis to within 1.8\u00b111\u00b0 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2265.7 for difference versus zero, n=7). Recording spots in these regions underwent +\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>when anodal stimulation was used. At recording spots on the slow propagation axis, cathodal stimulation produced +\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>and anodal stimulation produced \u2212\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>. During diastolic stimulation, early excitation occurred near the electrode for cathodal stimulation or on the fast propagation axis as far as 2.8\u00b11 mm away from the electrode for anodal stimulation. A \u201cdog-bone\u201d region of +\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>that included tissue near and away from the electrode on the slow propagation axis occurred when cathodal stimulation was given in diastole. Regions of +\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>occurred away from the electrode on the fast propagation axis when anodal stimulation was given in diastole. Thus, \u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>differs in regions along and across myocardial fibers, indicating that \u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>depends on anisotropic bidomain properties. Sites of early excitation are those where +\u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>occurs, indicating that membrane channel excitation depends on the distribution of \u0394V<jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.77.6.1229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:47:05Z","timestamp":1339462025000},"page":"1229-1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Transmembrane Voltage Changes During Unipolar Stimulation of Rabbit Ventricle"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Knisley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease of the School of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1970.sp009256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.68.2.1991354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dillon SM Wit AL. 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