{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T19:34:50Z","timestamp":1775504090357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014Although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is genetically determined, several other factors, including autonomic dysfunction, may play a role in the phenotypic expression. A recent study using positron emission tomography with [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]CGP 12177 ([\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]CGP) demonstrated that \u03b2-adrenoceptor (\u03b2AR) density is reduced in HCM and is correlated with disease progression. This present study tested the hypothesis that this downregulation is associated with reduced catecholamine reuptake (uptake 1) by myocardial sympathetic nerve terminals leading to increased local norepinephrine concentration. Myocardial presynaptic catecholamine reuptake was assessed by measuring the volume of distribution (V\n            <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n            ) of the catecholamine analogue [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]hydroxyephedrine ([\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]HED) in 9 unrelated HCM patients aged 45\u00b115 years. The maximum number of binding sites (B\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            ) for myocardial \u03b2AR density was measured in 13 unrelated HCM patients aged 40\u00b112 years using the nonselective \u03b2 blocker [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]CGP. Six patients were studied with both [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]HED and [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]CGP. Comparison was made with two groups of healthy control subjects for each ligand ([\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]HED, n=10, aged 35\u00b18 years; [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]CGP, n=19, aged 44\u00b116 years). Myocardial V\n            <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n            of [\n            <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n            C]HED (33.4\u00b14.3 mL\/g tissue) and \u03b2AR density (7.3\u00b12.6 pmol\/g tissue) were significantly reduced in HCM patients compared with control subjects (71.0\u00b118.8 mL\/g tissue,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;.001, and 10.2\u00b12.9 pmol\/g tissue,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =.008, respectively). These results are consistent with our hypothesis that myocardial \u03b2AR downregulation in HCM is associated with an impaired uptake-1 mechanism and hence increased local catecholamine levels.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.82.1.57","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:47:05Z","timestamp":1339462025000},"page":"57-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Myocardial Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Autonomic Dysfunction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Scha\u0308fers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dutka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriaan A.","family":"Lammertsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otmar","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo G.","family":"Camici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Cyclotron Unit and Imperial College School of Medicine (D.D., C.G.R., A.A.L., F.H., P.G.C.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine (M.S., O.S.), University of Mu\u0308nster (Germany)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.66.3.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90273-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90274-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204233261703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90492-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.71.1.1606666"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198703263161305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.35.5.847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90591-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.75.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.3.875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"2169","volume":"32","year":"1991","unstructured":"Iida H, Rhodes CG, de Silva R, Yamamoto Y, Araujo LI, Maseri A, Jones T. 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