{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:19:51Z","timestamp":1791033591132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014The\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            gene encodes a 129-amino acid peptide the expression of which modulates function of cardiac delayed rectifier currents (\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Kr<\/jats:sub>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Ks<\/jats:sub>\n            ), and mutations in\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            are now recognized as one cause of the congenital long-QT syndrome. We have generated\n            <jats:italic>minK-<\/jats:italic>\n            deficient mice in which the bacterial\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            gene has been substituted for the\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            coding region such that \u03b2-galactosidase expression is controlled by endogenous\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            regulatory elements. In cardiac myocytes isolated from wild-type neonatal mice,\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Ks<\/jats:sub>\n            is rarely recorded, while\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Kr<\/jats:sub>\n            is common. In\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            (\u2013\/\u2013) myocytes,\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Ks<\/jats:sub>\n            is absent and\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Kr<\/jats:sub>\n            is significantly reduced and its deactivation slowed; these results further support a role for\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            in modulating both\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Ks<\/jats:sub>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>Kr<\/jats:sub>\n            . Despite these changes, ECGs in (+\/+) and (\u2013\/\u2013) animals are no different at adult and at neonatal stages. ECG responses to isoproterenol are also similar in the 2 groups. \u03b2-Galactosidase staining in postnatal\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            (\u2013\/\u2013) hearts is highly restricted, to the sinus-node region, caudal atrial septum, and proximal conducting system. Moreover, as early as embryonal day 11, segmentally restricted \u03b2-galactosidase expression is observed in the portions of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular junctions that are thought to give rise to the conducting system, thereby implicating\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            expression as an early event in conduction system development. More generally, the restricted nature of\n            <jats:italic>minK<\/jats:italic>\n            expression in the mouse heart suggests species-specific roles of this gene product in mediating the electrophysiological properties of the heart.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.84.2.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:47:05Z","timestamp":1339462025000},"page":"146-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Replacement by Homologous Recombination of the\n            <i>minK<\/i>\n            Gene With\n            <i>lacZ<\/i>\n            Reveals Restriction of\n            <i>minK<\/i>\n            Expression to the Mouse Cardiac Conduction System"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Sabina","family":"Kupershmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Wessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Niswender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Magnuson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan M.","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., M.A.M., D.M.R.), Pharmacology (S.K., T.Y., M.E.A., D.M.R.), and Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics (K.D.N., M.A.M.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.W.), Medical University of South Carolina, SC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.94.8.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199705293362207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90358-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90340-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.96.1.195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.10.1540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.4.689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.68.1.1984874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384080a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384078a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.77.6.1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/40882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80255-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/res.83.1.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Sambrook J Fritsch EF Maniatis T. 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