{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:41:47Z","timestamp":1790707307888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Abstract<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014A rapidly emerging body of literature implicates a pivotal role for the Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            -calmodulin\u2013dependent phosphatase calcineurin as a cellular target for a variety of Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            -dependent signaling pathways culminating in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Most of the recent experimental support for this hypothesis is derived from in vitro studies or in vivo studies in transgenic mice expressing activated calcineurin or mutant sarcomeric proteins. The aim of the present study was to test whether calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK 506, prevent pressure-overload LVH using 2 standard rat models: (1) the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and (2) aortic banding. The major new findings are 2-fold. First, in SHR, LVH (left ventricular weight to body weight ratio) was unaffected by a dose of CsA (5 mg \u00b7 kg\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            \u00b7 d\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) that was sufficient to raise blood pressure and to inhibit calcineurin-mediated transcriptional activation in skeletal muscle. Second, in rats with aortic banding, LVH was unaffected by FK 506 (0.3 mg \u00b7 kg\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            \u00b7 d\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) or even higher doses of CsA (10 and 20 mg \u00b7 kg\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            \u00b7 d\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) that were sufficient to inhibit 90% of total calcineurin phosphatase activity in the hypertrophied myocardium. In the latter experiments, CsA blocked neither the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, a measure of diastolic function, nor the induction in atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA in the hypertrophic ventricles. Thus, in numerous experiments, systemic administration of potent calcineurin inhibitors did not prevent the development of LVH in 2 classic models of pressure-overload hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that pressure-overload hypertrophy can arise through calcineurin-independent pathways.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.84.6.722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:47:05Z","timestamp":1339462025000},"page":"722-728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Failure of Calcineurin Inhibitors to Prevent Pressure-Overload Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hypertension and Cardiology (W.Z., R.C.K., R.G.V.), and Molecular Biology and Oncology (R.C.K., E.N.O.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; and the Section of Hematology Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (F.R., R.A.S.), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hypertension and Cardiology (W.Z., R.C.K., R.G.V.), and Molecular Biology and Oncology (R.C.K., E.N.O.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; and the Section of Hematology Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (F.R., R.A.S.), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Rusnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hypertension and Cardiology (W.Z., R.C.K., R.G.V.), and Molecular Biology and Oncology (R.C.K., E.N.O.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; and the Section of Hematology Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (F.R., R.A.S.), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Sikkink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hypertension and Cardiology (W.Z., R.C.K., R.G.V.), and Molecular Biology and Oncology (R.C.K., E.N.O.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; and the Section of Hematology Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (F.R., R.A.S.), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric N.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hypertension and Cardiology (W.Z., R.C.K., R.G.V.), and Molecular Biology and Oncology (R.C.K., E.N.O.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; and the Section of Hematology Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (F.R., R.A.S.), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Hypertension and Cardiology (W.Z., R.C.K., R.G.V.), and Molecular Biology and Oncology (R.C.K., E.N.O.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; and the Section of Hematology Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (F.R., R.A.S.), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minn."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005313222203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Devereux RB Roman MJ. 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