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We found that endothelial cells in PPH plexiform lesions demonstrated microsatellite instability within the human MutS Homolog 2 gene (10 of 20 lesions) and displayed microsatellite site mutations and reduced protein expression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 receptor type II (6 of 19 lesions) and Bax (4 of 19 lesions). These results suggest that, in PPH, proliferated endothelial cells have genetic alterations associated with microsatellite instability and concomitant perturbation of growth and apoptosis gene expression akin to neoplasia. The full text of this article is available at http:\/\/www.circresaha.org.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.88.1.e2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:52:16Z","timestamp":1339462336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":218,"title":["Microsatellite Instability of Endothelial Cell Growth and Apoptosis Genes Within Plexiform Lesions in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Yeager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology (M.E.Y., G.R.H., R.M.T.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo; Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Sciences (H.A.G., N.F.V., R.M.T.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Halley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology (M.E.Y., G.R.H., R.M.T.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo; Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Sciences (H.A.G., N.F.V., R.M.T.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko A.","family":"Golpon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology (M.E.Y., G.R.H., R.M.T.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo; Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Sciences (H.A.G., N.F.V., R.M.T.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert F.","family":"Voelkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology (M.E.Y., G.R.H., R.M.T.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo; Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Sciences (H.A.G., N.F.V., R.M.T.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubin M.","family":"Tuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology (M.E.Y., G.R.H., R.M.T.), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo; Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Sciences (H.A.G., N.F.V., R.M.T.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1966.00290170010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.95.12.2603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","volume":"7087","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yokoi T, Tomita Y, Fukuya M, Ichihara S, Kakudo K, Takahashi Y. 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