{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:59:36Z","timestamp":1793127576474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Glutathione (GSH) appears to have marked antioxidant activities and therefore may prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there are very few reports on this subject. In a community-based case\u2013control study, we tested the hypothesis that low levels of plasma GSH are closely associated with CVD and its clinical types.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The association between fasting plasma total GSH (tGSH) levels and CVD were assessed using conditional logistic regression analysis among 134 CVD cases and 435 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Mean tGSH concentrations were lower in all CVD cases than in the control subjects (3.06 versus 3.71 \u03bcmol\/L;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.0001). Among the CVD types, both the cerebral infarction cases (2.98 versus 3.59 \u03bcmol\/L;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.001) and cerebral hemorrhage cases (2.51 versus 3.43 \u03bcmol\/L;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.0027) had significantly lower tGSH levels than the corresponding control groups had. The same tendency was observed for cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (3.45 versus 3.83 \u03bcmol\/L;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.36) and myocardial infarction (3.65 versus 3.77 \u03bcmol\/L;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.69), but these differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for other confounding factors, the risk of CVD was significantly lower in the third (adjusted odds ratio, 041; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.77) and the fourth quartiles (adjusted odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.51) than in the first. This association was most prominent in patients with lacunar infarction or cerebral hemorrhage.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            These findings suggest that reduced plasma tGSH levels are a risk factor for CVD, especially for cerebral small vessel disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000138022.86509.2d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]],"date-time":"2004-07-16T00:36:07Z","timestamp":1089938167000},"page":"2072-2077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Relationship Between Plasma Glutathione Levels and Cardiovascular Disease in a Defined Population"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Haruki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kiyohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanari","family":"Kitazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumihiro","family":"Tanizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setsuro","family":"Ibayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Fujishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.S., Y.K., I.K., T.K., Y.T., M.K., S.I., M.F., M.I.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan; and the Saga Research Institute of Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (H.U.), Saga, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-4-526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","volume":"54","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stamler JS, Slivka A. Biological chemistry of thiols in the vasculature and in vascular-related disease. Nutr Rev. 1996; 54: 1\u201330.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-11-199512010-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90117-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78428-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"581","volume":"105","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beutler E, Gelbart T. Plasma glutathione in health and in patients with malignant disease. J Lab Clin Med. 1985; 105: 581\u2013584.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960150307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(96)06333-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.26.3.368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cerebrovascular diseases: prevention treatment and rehabilitation. Technical report series No. 469. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1971."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.31.11.2616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)82313-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.184.4132.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40739-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19930175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.12.1969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagen TM Jones DP. Role of glutathione transport in extrahepatic detoxication. In: Sakamoto Y Higashi T Taniguchi N Meister A eds. Glutathione Centennial \u2014 Molecular Perspectives and Clinical Implications. San Diego CA: Academic Press; 1989: 423\u2013433.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-683275-4.50034-6"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000138022.86509.2d","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T21:28:19Z","timestamp":1715549299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000138022.86509.2d"}},"subtitle":["The Hisayama Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.0000138022.86509.2d"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.0000138022.86509.2d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-06-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-07-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}