{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:25:42Z","timestamp":1791271542142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"\n \n Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Investigating focal cerebral ischemia requires animal models that are relevant to human stroke. Complications and side effects are common among these models. The present study describes potential pitfalls in 3 techniques for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Rats were subjected to temporary MCAO for 90 minutes using the suture technique (group I; n=10) or to permanent MCAO using the suture technique (group II; n=10) or the macrosphere technique (group III; n=10). Clinical evaluation was performed after 3 hours and 24 hours. After 24 hours, animals underwent MRI and MRA to determine lesion size and the intracranial vascular status.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Hemispheric lesion volume was significantly smaller in group I (14.6%) compared with groups II (35.2%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01) and III (21.3%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05). Two animals (1 each in group II and III) did not demonstrate neurological deficits and had no lesion on MRI and a patent MCA main stem on MRA. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected in 2 animals (1 each in group I and II). MRA indicated a patent MCA main stem in 2 animals (group II), although both rats displayed neurological deficits. Hypothalamic infarction with subsequent pathological hyperthermia was detected in all animals in group II and in 1 rat in group III.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Model failures occurred frequently in all groups. MRI and MRA helps to identify animals that need to be excluded from experimental stroke studies.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000142134.37512.a7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]],"date-time":"2004-09-03T00:25:56Z","timestamp":1094171156000},"page":"2372-2377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Complications and Pitfalls in Rat Stroke Models for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tibo","family":"Gerriets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Stolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Walberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Mu\u0308ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Rottger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Kaps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Radiology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.M., A.K., G.B.), Experimental Neurology Research Group, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, Germany; the Department of Neurology (T.G., E.S., M.W., C.R., M.K.), University Giessen, Germany; and the Department of Neurology (M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.29.10.2162"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3995\/jstroke.8.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01251-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00322-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000087171.34637.a9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresprot.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000113692.38574.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.30.11.2464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199906)12:4<189::AID-NBM557>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.705"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.30.12.2743"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00277-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1213"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(01)00488-5"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000142134.37512.a7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T21:42:39Z","timestamp":1715550159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000142134.37512.a7"}},"subtitle":["A Comparison Between the Suture and the Macrosphere Model Using Magnetic Resonance Angiography"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.0000142134.37512.a7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.0000142134.37512.a7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-07-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-09-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}