{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:04:25Z","timestamp":1791295465874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The etiology of moyamoya disease still remains unknown. This study was aimed to explore the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a strong inducer of angiogenesis, in development of moyamoya disease.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            We studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 39 patients with moyamoya disease (24 children and 15 adults), 6 control patients with cervical spondylosis, and 7 control patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. CSF level of HGF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. We also evaluated the distribution of HGF and its cellular receptor c-Met in the carotid fork obtained from 2 patients with moyamoya disease and 2 control patients.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            CSF level of HGF was 408.2\u00b1201.6 pg\/mL and 443.2\u00b1193.5 pg\/mL in patients with cervical spondylosis and internal carotid artery occlusion, respectively (mean\u00b1SD). On the other hand, CSF level of HGF was 820.3\u00b1319.0 pg\/mL in patients with moyamoya disease, being significantly higher than those in 2 control groups (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.01). Both HGF and c-Met were widely distributed in the media and thickened intima of the carotid fork in patients with moyamoya disease but not in control patients.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            This study revealed that HGF is densely found in the carotid fork, and its CSF level is markedly elevated in moyamoya disease, suggesting that HGF may be a key protein for pathogenesis of moyamoya disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000148237.13659.e6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T01:34:28Z","timestamp":1099618468000},"page":"2837-2842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Increased Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Intracranial Artery in Moyamoya Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Rina","family":"Nanba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.N., S.K., T.I., K.H., Y.I.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.N., S.K., T.I., K.H., Y.I.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.N., S.K., T.I., K.H., Y.I.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyohiro","family":"Houkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.N., S.K., T.I., K.H., Y.I.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.N., S.K., T.I., K.H., Y.I.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.2000.00300.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.22.11.1750042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00048-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.31.4.930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.32.883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.2.0267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.1998.5.5.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90416-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.12.2160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"544","volume":"50","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soriano SG, Cowan DB, Proctor MR, Scott RM. 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