{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:16:10Z","timestamp":1790547370770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Evidence of drug efficacy in vascular dementia (VaD) is scanty. Therapeutic trials should address VaD subtypes. We studied the efficacy and safety of the calcium antagonist nimodipine in subcortical VaD.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    242 patients defined as affected by subcortical VaD based on clinical (ICD-10) and computed tomography criteria were randomized to oral nimodipine 90 mg\/d or placebo.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    230 patients (121 nimodipine, mean age 75.2\u00b16.1; 109 placebo, 75.4\u00b16.0) were valid for the intention-to-treat analysis. At 52 weeks, the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric scale 5-point variation (primary outcome measure) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. However, patients on nimodipine performed better than placebo patients in lexical production (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01) and less frequently showed deterioration (3 or more point-drop versus baseline) on a Mini-Mental State Examination (28.1% versus 50.5%; \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01) and Global Deterioration Scale (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05). Dropouts and adverse events were all significantly more common among placebo than nimodipine patients, particularly cardiovascular (30 versus 13; RR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.11 to 4.60) and cerebrovascular events (28 versus 10; RR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 4.98), and behavioral disturbances requiring intervention (22 versus 5; RR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.49 to 10.12). A worst-rank analysis, performed to correct for the effect of the high dropout rate in the placebo group, showed additional significant differences in favor of nimodipine in Set Test and MMSE total scores.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Nimodipine may be of some benefit in subcortical VaD. Confirming previous results, the safety analysis of this study shows that in this high-risk population, nimodipine might protect against cardiovascular comorbidities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000155686.73908.3e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T20:36:14Z","timestamp":1107462974000},"page":"619-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Nimodipine in Subcortical Vascular Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Pantoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodoro","family":"del Ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G.","family":"Soglian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Amigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Spadari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Binelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Inzitari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (L.P., D.I.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Section of Neurology (T.D.S.), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Legane\u0300s, Madrid, Spain; Bayer SpA (A.G.S., G.S.), Medical Department, Milan, Italy; and Opis Data Srl (S.A., D.B.), Desio, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06407.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"23","volume":"59","year":"2000","unstructured":"Erkinjuntti T, Inzitari D, Pantoni L, Wallin A, Scheltens P, Rockwood K, Roman GC, Chui H, Desmond DW. Research criteria for subcortical vascular dementia in clinical trials. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2000; 59: 23\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00190-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"S159","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rossi R, Inzitari D, Pantoni L, del Ser T, Erkinjuntti T, Wallin A, Bianchi C, Badenas JM, Beneke M. Nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia trial. 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