{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:36:20Z","timestamp":1790865380915,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"\n \n Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVC) is a risk factor for ischemic events in patients with high-grade carotid stenosis and occlusion. In this study, the CVC in response to a CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n challenge was evaluated with blood oxygen level\u2013dependent (BOLD) MRI and the results compared with those of a transcranial Doppler CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n A T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n *-weighted single-shot multigradient echo-planar imaging sequence was used to determine cerebral CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n reactivity. T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * values were calculated for each pixel at rest and during a challenge with 7% CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and a reference function was fitted to the T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * time courses. Whole-brain color-coded \u0394T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * parameter maps were calculated and visually evaluated for regional differences. Additionally, a region-of-interest analysis was undertaken. Average values for \u0394T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * normalized to changes in end-tidal P\n co<\/jats:sc>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n were calculated. Results were correlated with a transcranial Doppler CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n tests in 20 patients with high-grade stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Color parameter maps showed areas of decreased BOLD effect within the internal carotid artery territory in 12 of 13 hemispheres with impaired CVC in transcranial Doppler CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n test. Regional normalized \u0394T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * was highly correlated with changes of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in transcranial Doppler CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n test. Normalized \u0394T\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n * was significantly reduced in hemispheres with impaired CVC in transcranial Doppler (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n BOLD MRI can easily be included in routine MRI exams. The technique is robust and yields diagnostic information concerning the cerebrovascular reserve.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000157593.03470.3d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,10]],"date-time":"2005-02-10T20:33:54Z","timestamp":1108067634000},"page":"751-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Blood Oxygen Level\u2013Dependent MRI of Cerebral CO\n 2<\/sub>\n Reactivity in Severe Carotid Stenosis and Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sargon","family":"Ziyeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Section of Neuroradiology (S.Z., I.M.), Neurocenter, Medical Physics (J.R., O.S.), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurology (M.R., A.H.), University Hospital of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Rick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Section of Neuroradiology (S.Z., I.M.), Neurocenter, Medical Physics (J.R., O.S.), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurology (M.R., A.H.), University Hospital of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Section of Neuroradiology (S.Z., I.M.), Neurocenter, Medical Physics (J.R., O.S.), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurology (M.R., A.H.), University Hospital of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Section of Neuroradiology (S.Z., I.M.), Neurocenter, Medical Physics (J.R., O.S.), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurology (M.R., A.H.), University Hospital of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Section of Neuroradiology (S.Z., I.M.), Neurocenter, Medical Physics (J.R., O.S.), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurology (M.R., A.H.), University Hospital of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Speck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Section of Neuroradiology (S.Z., I.M.), Neurocenter, Medical Physics (J.R., O.S.), Department of Radiology, Department of Neurology (M.R., A.H.), University Hospital of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.16.2122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910290221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940070106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000064840.99271.9e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"760","volume":"39","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuwabara Y, Ichiya Y, Sasaki M, Yoshida T, Fukumura T, Masuda K, Fujii K, Fukui M. 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Quantitative determination of the perfusion reserve capacity using single shot T2* mapping during CO2 challenge. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM Honolulu Hawaii April 18\u201324 2002; 264."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200212030-00040"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000157593.03470.3d","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T17:49:24Z","timestamp":1715536164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000157593.03470.3d"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.0000157593.03470.3d"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.0000157593.03470.3d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-07-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-12-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-02-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}