{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:48:33Z","timestamp":1770749313241,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Because thromboembolic events are frequently observed in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS), we assessed the risk factors for new thrombotic episodes.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Fifty-six PAPS patients (mean age, 37\u00b110 years) were prospectively studied for 5 years. The preliminary Sapporo classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS; a medium\u2013high anticardiolipin antibody [aCL] titer and\/or a positive lupus anticoagulant [LA] test in the presence of vascular thrombosis and\/or pregnancy morbidity) were used to confirm the diagnosis. Thrombotic episodes or pregnancy losses before a diagnosis of PAPS were considered events, and any new disease manifestation other than thrombocytopenia was considered a recurrent event. Only patients with objectively verified thrombotic events were included in the study.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Twenty-one new thrombotic events were observed in 15 subjects (26.8%), including 3 (5.4%) who died during the follow-up. The patients with IgG aCL levels of &gt;40 IgG phospholipid unit (GPL-U) showed a higher incidence of new thrombotic events (43.3%) than those with levels of \u226440 GPL-U (7.7%). Univariate analysis identified a history of recurrent clinical events (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.004), a highly positive aCL titer (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.007), and the presence of cardiac abnormalities (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.036) as significant risk factors for new thrombotic events. A multivariate regression model confirmed that an IgG aCL titer of &gt;40 GPL-U was an independent risk factor for thrombosis (odds ratio, 9.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 46.05).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            A high IgG aCL titer is the strongest predictor of new thrombotic events in PAPS patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000170645.40562.09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,10]],"date-time":"2005-06-10T00:45:08Z","timestamp":1118364308000},"page":"1490-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Thrombotic Risk Factors In Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Turiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piercarlo","family":"Sarzi-Puttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Atzeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Doria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (M.T.. R.P.) Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Italy; the Rheumatology Unit (P.S.-P., E.R., F.A.), Blood Transfusion Center, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; the Research &amp; Development Directorate (W.P.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; and the Division of Rheumatology (A.D.), University of Padova, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91477-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10187"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90108-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.84.2.1860234"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440390101013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.5.576"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00060-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828532"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035241"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1309::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.28.9.1660"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000067278"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"2402","volume":"31","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zavaleta NE, Montes RM, Soto ME, Vanzzini NA, Amigo MC. 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