{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:20:02Z","timestamp":1792740002058,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Background and Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            There is no comprehensive and reliable model available in small animals that is suitable for the study of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Most of the existing models either require extensive surgery to achieve SAH or neglect the importance of an injury to the vessel and the impact of suddenly raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The presented model is designed to overcome these shortcomings.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n            Forty-three male Wistar rats were anesthetized. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured using the H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            clearance method bilaterally in the middle cerebral artery territory. ICP and blood pressure were continuously monitored. Blood gases were kept within physiological limits. SAH was produced by passing a nylon thread up through the right internal carotid artery and piercing a hole in the right anterior cerebral artery. The animals were divided into three experimental groups treated with varied operative techniques. After 3 hours the surviving animals were killed, and SAH was confirmed by postmortem examination.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n            The described method proved to be a reliable way of producing SAH in rats. The onset of SAH was characterized by a sudden increase in ICP. There were some differences in the reduction of regional cerebral blood flow and the survival rate in the experimental groups. This may represent differing degrees of severity of the produced SAH.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n            We present an inexpensive and reliable model of SAH in the rat that allows the early course of biochemical, physiological, and pathological changes to be studied.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.26.7.1279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1279-1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["The Sheffield Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Julian A.","family":"Veelken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J. C.","family":"Laing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_1_2","first-page":"329","volume":"4","year":"1961","unstructured":"Loughheed WM, Tom M. Experimental surgery: a method of introducing blood into the subarachnoid space in the region of the Circle of Willis in dogs. Can J Surg. 1961;4:329-337.","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405882"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.46.4.0454"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01403621"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114547"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.37.3.0316"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.50.4.0441"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.12.1.6784284"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.13.5.6812243"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.16.4.4024174"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.1.88"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1990.7.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1990.11739928"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(90)90004-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"201","volume":"4","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dorsch N, Branston NM, Symon L, Jakubowski J. Intracranial pressure changes following primate subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neurol Res. 1989;4:201-204.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01407779"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.21.4.2326840"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","first-page":"138","volume":"30","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barth KN, Onesti ST, Krauss WE, Solomon RA. A simple and reliable technique to monitor intracranial pressure in the rat: technical note. Neurosurgery. 1991;30:138-140.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.19.7.3388458"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/01.STR.26.7.1279","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:23:11Z","timestamp":1715552591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/01.STR.26.7.1279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/01.STR.26.7.1279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.26.7.1279","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-03-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}