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In cerebral blood vessels, four different potassium channels have been described: ATP-sensitive potassium channels, calcium-activated potassium channels, delayed rectifier potassium channels, and inward rectifier potassium channels.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Summary of Review<\/jats:italic>Activation of ATP-sensitive and calcium-activated potassium channels appears to play a major role in relaxation of cerebral arteries and arterioles in response to diverse stimuli, including receptor-mediated agonists, intracellular second messengers, and hypoxia. Both calcium-activated and delayed rectifier potassium channels may contribute to a negative feedback system that regulates tone in large cerebral arteries. The influence of ATP-sensitive and calcium-activated potassium channels is altered in disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>Activation of potassium channels is a major mechanism of cerebral vasodilatation. Alteration of activity of potassium channels and impairment of vasodilatation may contribute to the development or maintenance of cerebral ischemia or vasospasm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.26.9.1713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T20:08:03Z","timestamp":1308341283000},"page":"1713-1723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Role of Potassium Channels in Cerebral Blood Vessels"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Takanari","family":"Kitazono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center and Center on Aging, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank M.","family":"Faraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center and Center on Aging, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center and Center on Aging, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald D.","family":"Heistad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center and Center on Aging, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.20.2.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(91)90519-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06663-3","volume":"43","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA. 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